 1)The
"Urban Areas" in this report refers to the three major cities
and the major urban areas and center of the region, and "Region Areas"
refers to the other districts within the region.
2) In this report, automobile
types are classified as follows:
3) Targeted Value:
The third session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3)was held in Kyoto at which
the Kyoto Protocol, an agreement which decided the measures to be conducted
by the signing nations in order to achieve the objectives stipulated in
the agreement. For Japan, we are required to reduce the amount of greenhouse
gas emission by 6% between 2008-2012 in comparison to 1990 levels. The "targeted
value of suppressing increases to 17%" is the objective of the transport
departments CO2 gas emission reduction in order to achieve the Kyoto Protocol
targets.
4) Energy Issues:
One of the major causes of environmental problems is the mass consumption
of fossil fuel. In order to suppress fossil fuel consumption, there are
high expectations of the development and diffusion of alternative energy
sources and energy saving technology. With regards to Japan's transport
section, the energy demands of the past are not expected to grow due to
motor vehicle fuel-efficiency improvements and a dulling of growth in transport
demand. However, the demand for energy in developing countries is expected
to remain high, and as such the possibility of a straining of international
energy demands can not be denied. For this reason, the suppression of fossil
fuel consumption is an issue that must be promoted not only as an environmental
measure, but also as an energy measure.
5) SOHO (Small Office Home Office):
This is an independent-type work style in which work is done at home or
at a small-scale office using communication devices and information communication
networks.
6) Personal Digital Assistants
(PDA):
Using digital technology, PDA integrates not only text information,
but also voice and pictures, to actively support one's information life.
Also called portable information equipment.
7) Estimated number of deaths from automobile accidents
in 2010:
Based upon the increase in the elderly population (an increase of 33
percent compared to 1999), the increase in the elderly holding driver's
licenses (78-percent increase), chances in the elderly either becoming victims
of or causing accidents, and the number of traffic fatalities in 1999, we
can estimate that in 2010 the number of elderly traffic fatalities will
increase by 51 percent, increasing overall traffic fatalities by 22 percent,
an astonishing result.
8) Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
An attempt to disperse or reduce [transportation] demand, and to switch
to other means of transportation by working on the transportation demands,
in order to solve the transportation problems.
9) Supply Chain Management (SCM):
A system to supply merchandise reflective of consumer needs at appropriate
prices in a prompt manner by making the flow of information and goods from
production to consumption efficient, through review of business practices
and cooperation among companies through such measures as the promotion of
e-commerce and the standardization of transaction units.
10) Third Party Logistics (3PL):
A type of business that proposes distribution reforms to shippers and comprehensively
takes charge of distribution. It is common to share information with the
shippers based on a long-term contract with the shippers, and to take overall
charge of distribution including the shipper's supply chain management.
It is characterized mainly by proposals utilizing technical expertise, as
well as the provision of a distribution information system. It is called
third party logistics because it is a third party in relation to the shipper
and the shipping company.
11) Overhead Loading Method:
A cargo handling system in which cargo is loaded and unloaded while a
train is lined up where it arrives or departs, by providing a platform adjacent
to the arriving or departing line. In comparison to the conventional system,
that is a system in which a cargo train is moved to a cargo handling line
with a platform that is provided in a separate place from the arriving or
departing lines for loading and unloading cargo, transportation time will
be reduced sharply since the time for moving the cargo train is unnecessary.
12) Super Eco-ship:
A next-generation cargo ship utilizing innovative technologies such as an
environmentally friendly gas turbine engine with high efficiency (thermal
efficiency of approximately 40 percent). The targeted development completion
is 2005.
13) Sea Highway Network
A sea distribution network with secured expedition, punctuality, safety,
and efficiency through a combination of hard aspects including such measures
as highly efficient container terminals and the provision of an international
mainstay route to resolve navigation of bottlenecks in bays, as well as
soft aspects such as maritime ITS, improvements in efficiency and service
of cargo handling in harbors.
14) Ocean ITS:
A next-generation maritime transportation system that is made intelligent
through the utilization of IT. It is expected to bring about great improvements
in the efficiency and safety of distribution through the computerization
of ships, advances in land-based navigation support for ships, the formation
of maritime transportation information networks, and so forth.
15) Transit Oriented Development
(TOD):
Urban development emphasizing public transportations as a means of transportation
in a city.
16) Light Rail Transit (LRT):
Next-generation intermediate volume railway transportation system with excellent
characteristics, such as reduced noise and vibration during acceleration
and deceleration, and low-floor cars that are easy for the elderly to use.
17) Universal Transportation:
While 'barrier-free' means 'to remove barriers for people with disabilities
to live', 'to universalize'means 'to make something easy to be used by everyone
(regardless of age and physical capability, etc.)'. While the time when
the elderly make up quite a portion of the population is rapidly and certainly
approaching, the barrier-free concept should be further advanced, and on
the assumption of the presence of diversified people including the elderly
and disabled people, we should aim to realize a transportation system that
enables everyone to move around comfortably ('universal transportation').
18) Electronic Toll Collection
System (ETC):
Non-stop automatic toll collection system.
19) Greening:
This refers to reforms toward environmental friendliness. In recent years,
the 'greening of the tax system', etc. have been advocated by such organizations
as the OECD.
20) Environment Vehicles:
Environment Vehicles (also called as Environmentally-friendly vehicles)
are vehicles with a low environmental impact from air contaminants (such
as Nox) contained in automobile exhausts, and global warming substances
(CO2). Such environmentally-friendly vehicles currently include low pollution
vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles,
as well as super mileage vehicles and certified low emission cars. In addition,
developments are also being advanced for such vehicles as fuel cell vehicles
and dimethyl ether (DME) vehicles for the future.
21) Traffic Safety Cycle:
A series of cycles for automobile traffic safety measures, primarily through
an understanding of the actual circumstances of car accidents, that flows
from setting targets for accident reduction, to the enactment of measures,
evaluations of effectiveness, and re-setting of reduction targets.
22) Advanced Safety Vehicle (ASV):
Vehicles whose safety is further improved by making vehicles highly intelligent
using new technologies such as electronics technology.
23) Motor Vehicle Assessment System:
A system to promote the development of safe motor vehicles by automobile
manufacturers, as well as to prepare an environment in which it is easy
for users to choose safe vehicles by evaluating the safety of vehicles according
to the type of car and providing the results for users.
24) Critical Incident:
An incident that may be highly likely to affect safety upon sailing (driving),
though it may not develop into an accident.
25) Geographic Information System (GIS):
A computer information processing system equipped with information on geographic
location and space, that in an integrated manner processes, manages, and
analyzes attributive data (space data) concerning such things as nature,
society, and the economy, and displays the results.
26) Intelligent Transport System (ITS):
General term for a transport system that is computerized in an advanced
manner. Narrowly defined, it refers to an advanced road transport information
system.
27) Comprehensive Transport Information System:
A system that comprehensively provides information regarding use of public
transportation such as railways and buses via PDA, personal computers, etc.
connected to the Internet.
28) Distribution Information Platform:
Information base to standardize and distribute physical distribution-related
information interlinking transport organizations and business owners.
29) Eco-port:
A 'harbor co-existing with the environment' that the government hopes to
realize in response to the increased interest in environmental issues.
30) Private Finance Initiative (PFI):
A new method for construction, maintenance, management, and operation of
public facilities, etc. by utilizing private funds, operation ability, and
technical capabilities.
31) The so-called "New Method" used in ports:
A system in which the government and port administrator prepare wharfs and
public wharf corporations prepare the back yards, and the public wharf corporations
operate these facilities in an integrated manner, for the purpose of lowering
the use fees for international maritime container terminals and improving
use efficiency.
32) Multi-modal Transport system:
A transport system that provides an efficient and good transport environment
in response to users' needs, through cooperation between several transport
facilities.
33) For the smooth implementation of public projects, it
is important to eliminate the main factors for project delays. From such
a perspective, as for the 'last resort' of the land expropriation system
that is actually rarely used these days, it is expected that necessary improvements
will be made so that flexible use will be possible while maintaining transparency
with appropriate compensation. |
