Japanese ports and harbours are classified into 4 types stipulated in Article 2(2) of Port and Harbor Act under follow;

(1) Strategic International Hub Port (5)

A port serving as the hub of an international ocean freight transportation network for long-distance international ocean freight shipping, having advanced functions to connect the international ocean freight transportation network and the domestic ocean freight transportation network, which is specified by Cabinet Order as a port and harbour that requires intensive efforts to strengthen its international competitiveness.

(2) International Hub Port (18)

A port other than strategic international hub ports, which is specified by Cabinet Order as a portserving as the hub of the international ocean freight transportation network.

(3) Major Port (102)

A port other than strategic international ports or international hub ports which is specified by Cabinet Order as a port serving as the hub of a maritime transportation network or as a port having a great bearing on the national interests.

(4) Regional Port (807)

A port other than strategic international hub ports, international hub ports, or major ports.

At present, the majority of port management bodies are comprised of prefectural governments or municipal governments.


^{Source:
Port and Harbour Handbook of Japan 2020 (p1)}