Chapter 10. Protection of the Global Environment
Section 1. Response to Global Environment Problem
1. Domestic and Overseas Movements related to Global Environmental Problem
The "U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change" came into effect on March
1994 to curb global warming.
Regarding ozone layer depletion, the "Ozone Layer Protection Law" was partially
amended in May 1994.
As for marine pollution, compulsory double-hull constructions for oil-tankers
are being pushed forward by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
2. Response of Transportation to Requirements to Solve Global Environmental
Problem
The Japan Meteorological Agency is improving its network for atmospheric/oceanographic
observation in line with the project designed by the World Meteorological Organization.
In order to tighten the controls on C02 emission as part of the "Action program
to arrest global warming", a transport system with high energy efficiency but
low C02 displacement is being formulated at present.
The "Transport Administration Guideline relating to environmental protection"
was implemented on June 1994, following the enactment of the Fundamental Law of
Environment.[Fig.70][Fig.71]
Section 2. Enhancement of Environmental and Energy Measures
1. Measures for Atmospheric Protection and Noise Abatement
Under the NOx law, restrictions are to be strengthened against exhaust emissions
from ships and automobiles, as with noise of automobiles, railways and aircrafts.
2. Measures against Marine Pollution
Standards on oil emissions by vessels have been toughened since July 1993.
Moreover, the Oil Pollution Damages Security Law was amended in August 1994.
3. Countermeasures against Environmental Contamination in Ports and Harbors,
etc.
In order to create the comfortable marine environment, seashores are being
covered with sand, and final waste dumps for relevant waste disposal is developing
under the Phoenix Program.
4. Energy Measures
An energy-saving transport system is under development by encouraging the
use of mass-transit. In addition, energy-saving measures for each traffic facilities
are being promoted.
