Title Wada Family Documents on Ushikubi Checkpoint

  • Gifu
Topic(s):
Historic Sites/Castle Ruins
Medium/Media of Use:
Web Page
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2021
Associated Tourism Board:
Shirakawa Village
Associated Address:
Shirakawa-mura Ono-gun , Gifu

和田家牛首留番所文書


この資料群は、古くから荻町の有力者であった和田家が、白川郷への人や物の出入りを規制する口留番所の監督をしていたことに関する記録である。こうした番所は、江戸幕府が白川郷周辺を直轄地とした1692年以降、近隣の藩との境界に設けられた。


番所の役人の仕事は、主に国境を越えた物資の納税を確認することであった。当初は幕府が直接管理していたが、18世紀後半に行われた政府の権威復活と財政健全化のための改革により、コスト削減のために江戸から派遣されていた役人が現地で雇われた役人に変更されたという。


18世紀後半、白川北東部の牛首(うしくび)番所の管理を任されたのは、世襲の名主・和田家であった。役人になるためには、当主は武士に昇格し、武器を持ち、名字を名乗る権利が与えられた。和田家は、1867年に徳川幕府が倒されるまでその地位を維持した。番所に関する記録は、当時の荻町の経済状況を知る上で貴重な資料となっている。


Wada Family Documents on Ushikubi Checkpoint


This bundle of documents contains records kept by the Wada family—for centuries one of the most influential in the village of Ogimachi—in relation to its duties overseeing a government checkpoint that regulated the flow of people and goods into and out of Shirakawa-go. Such checkpoints were established on the borders with neighboring domains after 1692, when the Tokugawa shogunate, or central government, in Edo (now Tokyo) assumed direct control over the area around Shirakawa-go.


The guards at these checkpoints were tasked mainly with ensuring that taxes were paid on goods crossing the border. The government initially managed the checkpoints directly. However, reforms implemented in the late eighteenth century to restore the government’s authority and financial health led to officials sent from Edo being replaced with locally hired functionaries as a cost-saving measure.


The Wada family, whose members held the hereditary position of village headman (nanushi), was entrusted with managing the Ushikubi checkpoint in northeastern Shirakawa in the late eighteenth century. In order to serve as a government official, the head of the family was promoted to the samurai class, which entailed the right to bear arms and to use a surname. The Wada held this status until the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown in 1867. Their records on checkpoint management offer valuable insight into the economic conditions in Ogimachi at the time.


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