 |
| Current
status of provision of city parks in
Japan |
|
 |
Types
of city parks |
|
 |
| Types |
Classification |
Description |
| Basic Parks for Community Use |
City Block parks |
Those which are to be placed for the use of most
nearby residents; their standard area is 0.25 ha per park, and
each will be intended to be used by residents who live within a certain
area with radius of 250m. |
| Neighborhood parks |
Those which are to be placed for use by residents
who live in the neighborhood; one neighborhood park will be provided in
each neighborhood unit. Their standard area is 2 ha par park, and each
will be intended for use by residents who live within a certain
catchments area with radius of 500 m. |
| Community parks |
Those which are to be placed for use by those who
live within walking distance; their standard is 4ha or more for
specific district parks (Specified community parks) in certain
municipalities that are not covered in urban planning areas. |
| Basic Parks for City Wide Use |
Comprehensive parks |
Those which are to be placed for use by all
residents in a city for various purposes, including rest, walking,
playing and sport; their standard area range from 10 to 50 ha according
to the size of the city. |
| Sport parks |
Those which are to be placed for use by all
residents in a city mainly for athletic activities; their standard area
range from 15 to 75 ha according to the size of the city. |
| Large Scaled Parks |
Regional Parks |
Those which are placed for the purpose of satisfying
area-wide weekend recreation needs of residents of more than one
municipality. Their standard area is at least 50 ha and their
recreational facilities are placed organically. |
| Recreation Cities |
Areas where a variety of recreation facilities are
provided mainly in a large-scale urban park; these cities aim at
meeting area-wide recreation needs of residents of large cities or
other cities, which are constructed in accordance with a comprehensive
city plan. Total area will be 1,000 ha. |
| National Government Parks |
Large-scaled parks established by the government for
use by residents of more than one prefecture; their standard area is at
least 300 ha per park; in case these parks are constructed as the
government’s commemorative project, they should have facilities
suitable for their objectives. |
|
Buffer Green Belts
|
Specific Parks |
Special parks, such as scenic parks, zoos and
botanical parks, historical parks, cemeteries, etc. are set up in
accordance with their objectives. |
| Buffer Green Belts |
Green belts intended to help prevent or reduce
pollutions like air contamination, noises, vibrations and bad odors, or
to prevent disasters in industrial complexes, etc. They are provided at
locations where areas with sources of pollution or disasters and
residential or commercial areas must be separated. |
| Ornamental Green Spaces |
Green Space provided to maintain and improve natural
environment of a city and to better urban landscape, and their standard
area is at least 0.1 ha per lot; when in an established city area there
are existing woods, etc., or when green belts are provided to expand
green belts by planting trees for a better urban environment, the
standard area is 0.05 ha or more. |
| Greenways |
Green belts which are mainly composed of passages
with tree plantings, pedestrian ways or cycling courses. They aim to
secure escape roads in an emergency case. They naturally connect parks
to houses, schools, shopping centers, etc. |
|
|
| Note: |
Residential
neighborhood unit = residence unit of about 1km square (surface area of
100ha) surrounded by arterial streets |
|
|
| |
Surface
area such as city park |
|
|
| Trends in city
park surface area |
 |
|
Steady progress is being
made. The total amount (stock) nationwide of city parks* at the
end of FY in terms of surface area was about 106,370ha, an increase of
about 2,500ha (about 2%) from about 103,865ha at the end of FY 2004. In
terms of number of sites, there were 89,216 sites, an increase of about
2,300 sites from 86,899 sites. City park surface area per person
amounted to about 8.9m2 per person, up from about 8.7m2. However,
infrastructure levels such as city parks are still low in comparison to
major cities in Europe and North America. Efforts are being made to
encourage more parks while addressing various governmental policy
issues such as ongoing responses to disaster prevention and
environmental problems.
| *(Note): |
City
parks refers to city parks established by the national government or
local government bodies under the City Park Law or to parks conforming
to city park standards established by municipalities that does not have
urban planning districts. |
|
| |
Current
status of provision of city parks by classification |
|
 |
| As
of 31 March 2005 |
| |
No. of sites |
Surface area (ha) |
Remarks |
| Basic Parks for
Community Use |
78,154 |
29,598 |
|
| City Block parks |
71,612 |
12,101 |
|
| Neighborhood parks |
4,969 |
8,850 |
|
| Community parks |
1,573 |
8,647 |
Including Specified community parks |
| |
(169) |
(1,266) |
The figure within parentheses ( )
indicates Specified community parks |
| |
|
|
|
| Basic Parks for
City Wide Use |
1,973 |
34,350 |
|
| Comprehensive parks |
1,219 |
22,812 |
|
| Sport parks |
754 |
11,538 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Large Scaled Parks |
190 |
12,420 |
|
| Regional Parks |
184 |
11,897 |
|
| Recreation Cities |
6 |
523 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Buffer Green Belts |
8,883 |
27,644 |
|
| Specific Parks |
1,235 |
12,938 |
|
| Buffer Green Belts |
177 |
1,563 |
|
| Ornamental Green
Spaces |
6,467 |
11,721 |
|
| Urban grove parks |
83 |
300 |
|
| Square parks |
242 |
307 |
|
| Greenways |
679 |
815 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| National Government
Parks |
16 |
2,358 |
|
| |
|
|
|
| Total |
89,216 |
106,370 |
Infrastructure preparation level: 8.9m2/person |
|
|
|
Role of
government-operated parks
There are two legal classification of Japanese parks, natural parks and
urban parks. Urban parks are created by central government or local
bodies who acquire a certain area of land, and open it for public use.
However, Natural Parks remain the property of various private
individuals, and the natural landscape beauty is maintained by
legislation restricting land use.
The National Government Parks are large-scaled urban parks provided and
maintained by the Government. |
| |
List
of National Government Parks (as of the end of July 2008) |
|
|
| Park name |
Location |
URL of website |
Contact for enquiries |
Features |
| Tel |
Fax |
| Musashi Kyuryo National Governemt Park |
Saitama:
Namegawamachi, Hiki-gun, Kumagaya City |
http://www.shinrin-koen.go.jp/
|
0493-57-2115 |
0493-56-5377 |
Set
up in 1967 as part of a project to commemorate the 100th anniversary of
the Meiji Restoration, this was the first national government park in
Japan. |
| Asuka Historical National Government Park |
Asukamura,
Takaichi-gun, Nara |
http://www.asuka
-park.go.jp/ |
0744-54-2662 |
0744-54-2772 |
Set
up on the theme of the "homeland of the Japanese heart," this was the
first national government historical park in Japan. |
| Yodogawa Riverside Park |
Osaka:
Osaka City, Neyagawa City, Hirakata City, Moriguchi City, Takatsuki
City, Settsu City Shimamotocho; Kyoto: Yawata City, Oyamazakicho |
http://www2.kasen.or.jp/ |
072-843-2861 |
072-844-5461 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Kinki area (Osaka), this is a
national government park that is a center for contact with nature
taking advantage of large waterside spaces. |
| Uminonakamichi Seaside National Government Park |
Fukuoka
City, Fukuoka |
http://www.uminaka.go.jp/ |
092-603-1111 |
092-603-1114 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Kyushu area, this is a national
government park that takes advantage of its environment surrounded by
the Gulf of Hakata in the Sea of Genkai. |
| Okinawa Commemorative National Government Park |
Okinawa:
Motobucho, Kunigami-gun, Naha City |
http://oki-park.jp./en/
|
0980-48-3140 |
0980-48-3793 |
Commemorating
the Okinawa Ocean Exposition and Okinawa Revival, this is a center for
tourism and Okinawa culture that takes advantage of the natural,
cultural, and historical legacies of Okinawa. |
| Showa Kinen National Government Park |
Tokyo:
Tachikawa City, Akishima City |
http://www.showapark.jp
/english/index.htm |
042-524-1516 |
042-526-1466 |
This
commemorates 50 years of the reign of the Showa Emperor on the theme of
"Recovering greenery and Enhancing Human Nature." |
| Takino Suzuran Kyuryou National Government Park |
Sapporo
City, Hokkaido |
http://www.takinopark.com/11_FOREIGN/index_e.html |
011-594-2100 |
011-594-2120 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of Hokkaido, this is a national
government park that takes advantage of typical Hokkaido scenery
highlighting Hokkaido's image centered on greenery, water, and snow. |
| Hitachi Seaside National Government Park |
Hitachinaka
City, Ibaraki |
http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/kaihin/
|
029-265-9411 |
029-265-5378 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of a metropolitan area, this is a
national government park forming the core of Hitachinaka International
Port Park City. |
| Kiso Sansen National Government Park |
Aichi:
Ichinomiya City, Konan City, Inuyama City, Inazawa City, Aisai City,
Yatomi City, Fusocho
Gifu: Kakamigahara City, Hashima City, Kasamatsucho, Ginancho, Yanaidzu
City, Kaizu City
Mie: Kuwana City, Kisosakicho |
http://www.kisosan
senkoen.go.jp
/e/index.html |
0594-24-5719
058-251-1379 |
0594-24-5726
058-251-1564 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Chubu area, this is a
city-operated park that takes advantage of the natural, historical, and
cultural legacies of a three-river area: the Kiso, the Nagara, and the
Ibi Rivers. |
| Michinoku Lakeside National Government Park |
Kawasakimachi,
Shibata-gun, Miyagi |
http://www.thr.mlit.go.jp
/m-park/ |
0224-84-6211 |
0224-84-6214 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Tohoku area, this is a national
government park centered on the theme of "Recovery and Enhancement of
Human Nature" that puts people in contact with the customs and culture
of the Tohoku region. |
| Bihoku Kyuryo National Government Park |
Shobara
City, Hiroshima |
http://www.bihoku
-park.go.jp/ |
0824-72-5000 |
0824-72-7532 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Chugoku area, this is a national
government park that takes advantage of the scenery and customs of the
area to serve as a center to put people in touch with local history and
traditional culture. |
| Sanuki Mannou National Government Park |
Mannoucho,
Nakatado-gun, Kagawa |
http://www.mannou
kouen.go.jp/ |
0877-79-2933 |
0877-79-3247 |
Addressing
the wide-area recreation needs of the Shikoku area, this is a national
government park serving as a center of a regional tourism network
focused on the new era of Shikoku. |
| Echigo Hillside National Government Park |
Nagaoka
City, Niigata |
http://www.hrr.mlit.go.jp
/echigo/ |
0258-47-1471 |
0258-47-1472 |
This
is the first national government park on the Honshu side of the Sea of
Japan to address the wide-area recreation needs of the Hokuriku area. |
| Alps Azumino National Government Park |
Oomachi
City, Matsukawa-mura, Azumino City, Nagano |
http://www.azumino.go.jp/
|
0263-83-8671 |
0263-83-8675 |
Progress
is being made in creating parks that take advantage of the nature and
rural culture of Azumino and the mountain scenery of Japan's Northern
Alps. |
| Yohinogari Historical National Government Park |
Higashi-Sefurison,
Mitagawacho, Kanzakimachi, Kanzaki-gun, Saga |
http://www.yoshinogari.jp/en/ |
0952-53-3902 |
0952-53-3910 |
This
is a national government historical park that preserves and highlights
the Yoshinogari ruins, letting visitors experience the world related in
the "Report on Japanese" in the Chinese history of the Wei Dynasty. |
| Akashi Kaikyo National Government Park |
Kobe
City, Awaji city, Hyogo |
http://www.kkr.mlit.go.jp/akashi/
|
078-252-3301 |
078-252-3303 |
Taking
advantage of the presence of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, the goals are
"the co-existence of people and nature" and "exchange between people." |
Tokyo Rinkai Disaster Prevention National Government Park
Not yet in service |
Koto-ku,
Tokyo |
|
03-3529-2171 |
03-3529-2173 |
This
is Japan's first a national government disaster prevention park. It is
located in the "Ariake Hills District," which is a core wide-area
disaster prevention center, in the Tokyo Bay littoral region (Rinkai),
which was the scene of the first decision on urban renewal project. |
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