2.2. Roles of National Government, Port Management Body, Private Sector and Users

In Japan, the share of the costs to be borne by the national government and the port management body for the construction and maintenance of each type of port, business classification (national government works project/subsidy system) and facility has been calculated in detail.

The government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) takes a leading role in the nationwide development of ports and harbors. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is responsible for the bulk of large-scale construction for public base facilities. This Ministry also oversees eight Regional Development Bureaus and some 40 construction offices that execute the construction projects at major ports and harbors.

Port management bodies and the national government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) are both responsible for the development of port and harbor infrastructure base facilities (waterways, anchorages, breakwaters, quaywalls and port traffic facilities available for public use).

All construction costs for private port and harbor facilities, however, are borne by the private sector.

Notes:

1The term 'port terminal corporations, etc.' includes port terminal corporations and container terminal companies. 2 Port terminal corporation berths refer to those reserved exclusively for port terminal corporations, while the term 'container terminal company' indicates berths developed by local government in partnership with port and harbor-related companies or similar quasi-public corporations. 3 Facilities reserved for exclusive use are constructed, leased, maintained and operated by port terminal corporations. These expenses are recouped through fees paid by those leasing the facilities (shipping companies/port operators).