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To improve the efficiency of transport, modernized systematization is
being promoted which is suited to the characteristic features of respective
transport facilities.
First, combined transport has been promoted which combines different kinds
of transport systems to carry out door-to-door transport services--such as the
freight-line-r (direct trains between major stations for exclusive container
service) of Japanese National Railways and container ships and car ferries in
marine transport.
Such combined transport has been developed centering around container transport,
but it would be necessary in future to promote development of various systems
including terminal transport in the container transport of JNR and security
of safety in ferry transport.
For the transport of bulk goods of a fixed shape, means of transport most
properly fitted with the characteristics of the cargo are being promoted. In
railways, exclusive-use freight cars for transport of petroleum, limestone and
automobiles have been developed; and in automobile transport, a steep growth
has been observed in special-purpose motor vehicles such as tank lorries and
concrete mixer cars. In marine transport, the operation of special-purpose vessels
has been firmly fixed in the carriers of oil, iron ore, limestone and cars
(Fig. 23).
To achieve the systematization and modernization of cargo movement, it would
be necessary to develop road networks and consolidated terminals which serve
to combine various transport systems. In railways, consolidation and development
of the existing comprehensive goods stations are being promoted; and in automobiles,
distribution business areas which are to replace small-scale truck terminals
are being developed or expanded. In marine transport, constructions are going
on for special piers for ferries, container berths and special piers for special
commodities. However, problems still remain in various terminal facilities--such
as the problem of lowered service standards arising from consolidation of goods
stations. Therefore, development should be carried out in a comprehensive and
rational way.
Next, one of the typical information systems in transport is the seat reservation
system of JNR. Beside such a system which has been developed and refined by
an individual enterprise, information systems for the national transport system
are being developed; for instance, the International Cargo Transport Information
System (I.C.I.S.), Port and Harbour Information System and Tourism Information
System.
AIso, as a series of urban traffic measures, new traffic systems such as
the mediumscale railway system are being developed. Such a system has the following
outstanding features. Labor saving is pssible, there are hardly any factors
that involve public pollution sources such as noise, and the traffic space and
transport cost can be saved. Thus a great expectation is entertained of the
medium-scale railway as a traffic system of the new age. Plans are now underway
for taking up the construction of the medium-scale railway system in fiscall
1975 at Osaka Port South and Kobe Port Island.
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