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For prevention of pollution by transport, various measures are advanced
such as control at the source of emissions and noise, control to reduce the
traffic volume, removal of emitted pollutants, isolation of the source of pollution
from the living environment, collection of data concerning pollutions, environmental
assessment and development of such procedure, etc. The budget appropriated for
the Ministry of Transport for the measures for prevention of pouutions in fiscal
1974 is \35,252,000,000 or 42 percent increase over the previous year.
The control at the source of pollutant is an important support for prevention
of automobile emissions. It was started in September 1966 with control of the
concentration of carbon monoxide. Since then, it had the control intensified
year after year. In September 1974, the control of concentration was started
for the diesel cars, and since April 1975, a drastic measure of control for
the emissions or dIe so-called ''1975 Control" has been enforced which is intended
for reduction of carbon monoxide by 89 percent, hydrocarbons by 91 percent and
nitrogen oxides by 45 percent over the control values of 1973 for the new models
of passenger cars and or a certain extent of reduction for the light buses and
trucks. Further, from fiscal 1976, the So-called H1976 Control'' is to be enforced
for still more reduction of nitrogen oxides for the new models of Passenger
Cars.
For the automobile noise, the control was intensified with controlstandards
for the acceleration noise provided additionally to the standards for noise
in stationary run. It is further reinforced with emphasis placed on large motor
cars and bicycles from January 1976.
On the other hand, in an effort to reduce the automobile traffic itself,
an integrated traffic control is carried out in 10 large cities including Tokyo.
For prevention of noise of the New Railway Trunk Line, installation of soundproof
walls, soundproof work to iron beam bridges, etc. will be advanced positively,
while such measures as soundproof work and compensation for movement will be
taken, as required, for hospitals, Schools and dwelling houses.
For prevention of the aircraft noise, efforts were made to achieve the target
values of the ''Environmental Standards for Aircraft Noise''with introduction
of quiet large aircraft, employment of the operation system intended to reduce
the noise and restriction on operation hours, while a ''Aircraft Noise CertificationH
was created under the Law for Partial Revision of Aviation Law enacted in June
1975.
For the environs of airports, compensation for movement of dweuing houses,
subsidy for soundproofworks of private houses and public facilities and other
measures, while for execution of the works of redevelopment of the environs
of airports, reclamation of substitute land, etc., an ''Osaka International
Airport Environ Adjustment Machinery'' was established in April 1974.
Control for prevention of marine pollution has been reinforced mainly under
the Marine Pollution Control Law. For example, in July 1974, standards were
specifically determined for the responsibility for providing the materials for
prevention of the discharge of waste oil in an effort to reinforce the waste
oil discharge control system.
Further, to cope with the marine disasters such as outflow of a large amount
of oil, a comprehensive study including the necessity of legal steps is being
carried out for provision of a wide range marine disaster preventive system
and smooth execution of marine disaster preventive activities.
In addition to the foregoing, provision and improvement of the waste oil
disposition facilities and wastes management facilities at port and harbors
and installation of bilge discharge preventive systems and sewage disposal systems
on board the ships were encouraged, while for the water areas already polluted,
dredging and other pollution control works and, from 1974, general water area
cleansing works were executed.
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