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Japan' s technical cooperation for developing countries on an intergovernmental
basis is carried out, on principle, through the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA). The programs consist of receiving trainees , dispatching specialists
, supplying machinery and equipment , development and investigation projects
, development and cooperation projects , and technical cooperation in the form
of the project system.
Development and investigation projects (which involve making development
plans and ascertaining their feasibility at the request of developing countries
in connection with comprehensive development programs for regions or society)
as actually carried out in FY 1979 are shown in Fig.5.
Official development assistance covers not only technical cooperation but
also a more direct form of assistance to developing countries: gratuitous financial
cooperation (grants), mainly for poorer developing countries, and onerous financial
cooperation, which forms the majority of official development assistance rendered
on a bilateral government basis. The latter type of cooperation can be divided
into project credits and goods credits.
(See Fig. 6)
In 1979, the number of overseas travelers on a global level totaled approximately
270 million, a 4% increase over the previous year, according to the estimates
by the World Tourism Organization (WTO).
Japanese overseas travelers numbered about 4,040,000 by a 1591(. growth and
foreign tourists coming to Japan numbered about 1,110,000 by a 791(o growth.
The increase in the number of foreign visitors to Japan slowed down in 1978
and the first half of 1979 under the impact of the high yen rate , but recovered
in the later half of the year. On a regional basis, Asian tourists to Japan,
increasing remarkably in recent years and, in 1979, showing a 24% growth over
the previous year, accounted for 43% of all foreign visitors to Japan. (See
Tables 9 and 10)
With the recent increase in Japanese overseas tourists, accidents encountered
by them, such as thefts, sudden illness and troubles with natives, have also
increased The government realized that Japanese tourists lacked information
on overseas travel and on the situation of places they visited and, accordingly
, revised partially the Japan National Tourist Organization Law in May 1979.
As a result, the Japan National Tourist Organization assumed the new task of
providing Japanese tourists with information on overseas travels and offering
guide services at their request.
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