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(1) Passenger transport
Reviewing the trend of international travel in 1983 allied to Japan, we see
that the number of outgoing Japanese registered 4,232,000 persons or 3.6% increase
over the previous year hitting a record high. Their major destinations were
the number of Asia/Pacific areas. As the male/famale ratio, the female's is
gradually increasing.
Meanwhile, the number of incoming foreigners stood at 1,968,000 persons or
9.8% increase over the previous year also hitting a record high. If broken down
by area, they were from the USA, Formosa and the Republic of Korea in this order
(Fig. 14).
(2) Freight Transport
Reviewing Japan's maritime foreign trade volume (in terms of tonnage), we
see that exports increased with the recovery of world business, registering
83,170,000 tons or a 9.6% increase over the previous year. By item, such major
goods as iron/steel, cement, machinery and electric products increased. On the
other hand, imports, partly due to the belated recovery of domestic demand in
the latter half of 1983, registered 547,360,000 tons or a 2.1% decrease from
the previous year (the fourth consecutive yearly decrease since 1980). By item,
iron ore, coal, lumber and crude oil decreased (Table.
1).
Reviewing the FY 1983 freight volume transported by international air service,
we see that exports registered 410,000 tons or a 30.7% increase over the previous
fiscal year (in terms of the U.S. dollar, $14,900 million or a 26.6% big increase
over the previous year). Meanwhile, imports got back on the increasing trend,
registering 325,000 tons or a 19.9% increase (US $14,900 million dollars or
a 26.6% increase). By export item (US dollar), office appliances, communication
instruments and transistors showed high growths while by import items, growths
of transistors and aircrafts were conspicuows (Table.
2).
Meanwhile, the ratio of air cargo to the whole international trade of Japan
for the first time registered 10.8% exceeding the 10% mark to the whole international
trade volume in terms of the US dollar, though less than 1% in terms of tonnage.
(1) Passenger transport
Fiscal 1983 domestic passenger transport volume registered in terms of total
volume transported 52,541 million passengers or a 1.1% increase over the previous
fiscal year, while in terms of total passenger-kilometer transported 822,000
million passenger-kilometer or a 2. 2% increase. In both terms, the growth rates
exceeded those in the previous fiscal year (0.4% and 1.8% increase respectively)
(Table. 3).
Features of fiscal 1983 were that the JNR recovered its increasing trend
after 7-year recession in terms of passenger transported, 9-year in passenger-kilometer
transported and 2-year in air, and that travel by Private Motorcar showed a
high growth though a bit slower than the previous fiscal year.
As for the sharing ratio by transport mode of passenger-kilometer transported
for domestic passengers, only Private Motorcar increased while other transport
means leveled off or decreased. In other word, Passenger Motorcar stood at 43.9%
(42.0% of which were for Private Car), JNR 23.5%, Private Railway 15.6%, Bus
12.6% and Air 3.7% (Fig. 15).
(2) Freight transport
Reviewing the fiscal 1983 trend of domestic freight transport, we see that
the total transport tonnage registered 5,683,400,000 tons or a 1.1% decrease
from the previous fiscal year consecutive decreases for three years. However,
the total ton-kilometer transported registered 422,300 million ton-kilometer
or a 1.3% increase over the previous fiscal year (first increase over the previous
year in the last four fiscal years) (Table
4).
Features to be mentioned for fiscal 1983 were that Domestic Shipping increased
over the previous year after consecutive decreases for four years, that Air
continualy showed a drastic growth, and that the JNR continued its steady decrease.
As for the sharing ratio by transport mode of ton-kilometer transported for
domestic freight, both JNR and Private Mototcar decreased from the previous
year (6.4% and 16.3% respectively), while Commercial Motorcar increasing to
29.5% and Domestic Shipping remaining unchanged (Fig.
16).
(1) Public investment
Fiscal 1983 public investment in transport registered in total of ~8,549,500
million or a slight (0.4%) increase over the previous fiscal year (Table
5).
(2) Private investment for equipment
The investment for equipment by private transport enterprises (capitalized
at ￥50 million or more in principle) registered ￥1,360,459 million in terms
of total value of work or a 6.4% decrease from the previous fiscal year. In
other words, all of the three fields dropped in consecutive decreases or two
years (Table 6).
Reviewing the fiscal 1983 business environment of transport projects, we
see that an upward trend of the transport demand in terms of ton-kilometer reflecting
the steady recovery of domestic economy, and also the lowering trend of fuel
cost due to the decreased price of oil. In other words, the economy seemingly
started toward a brighter future though this varies according to industry (Fig.
17).
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