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1. Aiming at an affluent waterfront
In order to develop a long-term policy of improvement of ports and coasts,
the following guidelines were prepared: "Aiming at an Affluent Waterfront -
Follow up of 'Ports of the 21st Century'," setting targets for improvement of
comprehensive port areas and harmonized development of the nation's land; "For
Formation of Affluent Coast to Coast in the 21st Century" explaining the protection
of coast; and "Aiming at Development of Port-Related Technologies in harmony
with People and the Globe," based on principles of technology development in
support of the above-mentioned guidelines.
Currently, projects of the "8th Five-Year Plan for Port Improvement" and
the "5th Five-Year Plan for Waterfront Facilities," both covering the period
between FY1991 and FY1995, are progressing in accordance with the aforementioned
guidelines.
2. Planning for usage of waterfronts and seashore areas
In addition to the "Basic Concept of Port Planning" guidelines provided
for each of the three largest ports, "Vision of Tokyo Bay in the 21st Century"
was developed for Tokyo Bay, and "Overall Vision, 2025" was provided for Osaka
Bay. Preparation of new basic concepts based on these visions is currently proceeding.
The Ministry issued "Japan Sea and a Vision of the Future of the Coastal
Area" to govern development in the Japan Sea area. The Ministry indicates the
direction of development in local areas and also examines principles of construction
and improvement of ports from a wider point of view. The Ministry is also producing
a "long-range view of seashore utilization," in order to develop attractive
ports and seashore areas with comprehensive and innovative facilities.
1. Development of an efficient distribution system
In order to expand and accelerate imports, the Ministry is constructing
container terminals to handle cargo from overseas. This is being done in response
to increases in imported cargo and increasing ship size. The Ministry is also
constructing/developing comprehensive import terminals designed for smooth handling
of imported cargo and providing infrastructure in specified import promotion
areas.
To enhance a modal shift in transportation, unit load terminals for domestic
cargo are being developed. Side roads at main ports are under construction to
assure fast transportation by land. Disposition of port and cargo handling systems
is being examined in response to TSL.
2. Promotion of specialized local industries
The construction of ports is planned to ensure a stable supply of energy,
to promote local industry in order to maintain stable local populations, to
relocate distribution and industrial facilities, and to meet social needs for
real estate.
1. Construction of ports to improve the quality of life
The Ministry has been constructing public ports for the provision of comfortable
passenger transportation in response to the development of ocean cruises and
maritime buses. It is also constructing passenger transport terminals with recreational
facilities open to people other than passengers using funds from the private
sector and constructing new transport facilities to assure access within port
areas and transportation between berths.
In response to the increasing problem of illegal boat anchorage related
to increased ownership of pleasure boats, and to meet expected increases in
demand in the future, the Ministry is constructing such facilities as marinas
and providing support for related private-sector or third-party construction.
2. Creation of comfortable ports and coasts
To improve the quality of life, the Ministry has created recreational, rest,
communication and event areas, and is considering measures to provide public
space for free access to waterfront areas of ports. In addition, the Ministry
is developing ports with historic facilities, sea areas or ships.
Plans have been made to implement measures to protect against tidal waves
and water-front erosion and to facilitate direct experience of the sea by the
public and create attractive seashore landscapes. The "Blue Sea Project" aiming
to supplement existing pollution control measures in protecting seaside environments.
3. Aiming to improve port areas
To create attractive and enjoyable ports, the Ministry prepared a master
plan for development of comprehensive port areas including redevelopment based
on a concrete development plan, at the same time that construction of offshore
artificial islands for use in conjunction with land and sea areas.
In 1993 the Harbor Area Redevelopment and Creation Activity (HARCA 21) was
introduced to strengthen systems to enhance private activities. It is also intended
to provide support to local projects in conjunction with the private sector.
4. Improvement of ports in support of daily life
The Ministry is constructing dikes for Waste reclamation area, and the "Phoenix
program" aims to secure space for final disposal of waste. Measures are being
implemented to stop the liquefaction of land during earthquakes in order to
protect facilities at ports and waterfront areas, to reinforce anti-earthquake
sea walls and to secure maritime transportation of refugees and goods for emergency
use. To protect port towns from damaging natural forces such as tidal waves,
high tides, and seashore erosion, construction of a comprehensive shore guard
system including tide walls, offshore sea walls, artificial beaches and gentle
slope shore guards is progressing.
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