Wetland Types
Wetlands, defined by the Ramsar Convention as including “a wide variety of inland habitats such as marshes, peatlands, floodplains, rivers, and lakes,” are just one of the characteristic ecosystems in Oku-Nikko.
These ecosystems can be sub-divided into three categories based on plant growth and water level. This region has several wetlands which are vital in supporting over 100 types of hygrophytes (plants adapted to high-moisture environments) and animals, and for providing a staging point for migratory birds which arrive in summer and winter. Nikko’s Senjogahara Wetland consists of mostly transitional mire, with peat moss (Sphagnum), sedge (Carex) varieties, and the perennial herb Himeshirone (Lycopus maackianus). In contrast, the Odashirogahara Wetland has a markedly dry, grassland-like appearance and the flora are thus very different from Senjogahara. The crimson Hozaki shimotsuke (Spiraea salicifolia) and red, tufted perennial grass Ezonukabo (Agrostis scabra Willd.) create a colorful mosaic pattern in the fall.