Title History-Making Gun Battles: The Shimabara Rebellion

  • Nagano
Topic(s):
Castles/Palaces
Medium/Media of Use:
Interpretive Sign
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2022
Associated Tourism Board:
Matsumoto City

島原の乱(1637-1638)は、徳川幕府(1603-1867)の軍勢に対して、約3万7千人の農民と主君のいない武士が起こした反乱である。反乱軍には、高い税金や宗教的迫害に怒る者、島原の先代領主がカトリック信者だったため、島原藩の下で改宗したキリシタンが多く含まれていた。反乱軍は小競り合いの後、城に避難し、数カ月にわたる包囲戦に突入した。


両者とも銃器は十分に備えていた。徳川軍はオランダの商船隊から砲艦と大砲を提供され、籠城戦を展開した。一方、反乱軍は、オランダ商人のライバルであるポルトガル人から入手したマスケット銃で武装していた。

幕府軍が城を攻め落としたのは、反乱軍が食糧と火薬を使い果たした後だった。数万人の反乱軍は戦死するか、処刑された。

反乱の後、幕府は鎖国政策を強化し、キリスト教禁止令を強化し、銃器の製造と所持に新たな制限を課した。その数年後、幕府は欧米人の入国を完全に禁止することを決定する。

History-Making Gun Battles: The Shimabara Rebellion


The Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638) in southern Kyushu was an uprising of some 37,000 peasants and masterless samurai against the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868). The rebels were angry about high taxes and religious persecution; many of them were Christians whose families had converted under the Shimabara domain’s previous lord, who was Catholic. After some initial skirmishes, the rebels took refuge in a castle, forcing a months-long siege.

Both sides were well equipped with firearms. The Tokugawa forces were backed by Dutch merchant marines, who provided a gunship and cannons to the besieging army. The rebels were armed with muskets likely obtained from the Portuguese, who were rivals of the Dutch.

After the rebels ran out of food and gunpowder, the shogunate’s troops succeeded in storming the castle. Tens of thousands of rebels were either killed in the fighting or executed afterward.

In the wake of the revolt, the shogunate tightened its policy of national seclusion, strengthened an existing ban on Christianity, and imposed new restrictions on the manufacture and possession of firearms. Just a few years later, the shogunate closed the country to Westerners almost completely.

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