Title Making a Japanese Sword

  • Shimane
Topic(s):
Historic Sites/Castle Ruins
Medium/Media of Use:
App, QR code, etc.
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2023
Associated Tourism Board:
tetsu no michi bunkaken suishin kyogikai

日本刀の鍛錬と研磨


日刀保たたらでは毎年冬になると貴重な玉鋼が生産され、刀匠たちはそれを芸術品に仕上げていく。毎年5月頃、玉鋼は選別、格付けされ、全国の刀匠に販売される。刀鍛冶は、約4キロの玉鋼を約1キロの刀身に仕上げる。このパネルの写真は、鍛造の主な工程を示している。


まず、鉄の塊を熱し、平らにし、ハンマーで細かく砕く(写真#1-2)。次に、これらの破片を何層にも積み重ね、泥水と灰で覆い、再溶解して1つの固いインゴットにする(写真#3-5)。このインゴットを繰り返し加熱して折り曲げることで、不純物のない緻密な鋼ができる(写真#6-7)。その後、硬度の異なるインゴットを鍛接し、伸長させて目的の形状にする(写真#8-11)。


刃の形が整ったら、焼き入れの技法で処理される。刃先と刀の平らな面を粘土で覆い、約800度まで加熱した後、冷水で急冷する(写真#12-13)。鍛錬と焼き入れが終わった刀身は、専門の職人に渡され、研ぎと研磨が行われる(写真#14-19)。 最後に、刀匠は刀先にサインを彫る(写真#20)。

Making a Japanese Sword


Every winter, Nittōho Tatara produces valuable tamahagane steel that swordsmiths turn into works of art. Each year around May, the tamahagane is sorted, graded, and then sold to swordsmiths throughout the country. Over the course of forging a sword, around 4 kilograms of tamahagane are reduced to a blade that weighs around 1 kilogram. The photographs on this panel show the main steps in the forging process.


First, the chunks of steel are heated, flattened, and broken into small pieces with a hammer (photos 1–2). Next, these pieces are stacked in layers, covered with muddy water and ash, and remelted into a single solid ingot (photos 3–5). The ingot is repeatedly heated and folded, which produces a dense steel that is free of impurities (photos 6–7). Ingots of different hardness are then forged together and elongated into the desired shape (photos 8–11).


Once the blade has taken shape, it is treated using the yaki-ire technique. The edge and the flat side of the sword are covered with clay, heated to around 800 degrees Celsius, and then quenched in cold water (photos 12–13). With the forging and hardening complete, the blade is handed over to a specialized craftsman for sharpening and polishing (photos 14–19). Finally, the swordsmith engraves their signature on the tang of the blade (photo 20).

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