Making a Japanese Sword
Every winter, Nittōho Tatara produces valuable tamahagane steel that swordsmiths turn into works of art. Each year around May, the tamahagane is sorted, graded, and then sold to swordsmiths throughout the country. Over the course of forging a sword, around 4 kilograms of tamahagane are reduced to a blade that weighs around 1 kilogram. The photographs on this panel show the main steps in the forging process.
First, the chunks of steel are heated, flattened, and broken into small pieces with a hammer (photos 1–2). Next, these pieces are stacked in layers, covered with muddy water and ash, and remelted into a single solid ingot (photos 3–5). The ingot is repeatedly heated and folded, which produces a dense steel that is free of impurities (photos 6–7). Ingots of different hardness are then forged together and elongated into the desired shape (photos 8–11).
Once the blade has taken shape, it is treated using the yaki-ire technique. The edge and the flat side of the sword are covered with clay, heated to around 800 degrees Celsius, and then quenched in cold water (photos 12–13). With the forging and hardening complete, the blade is handed over to a specialized craftsman for sharpening and polishing (photos 14–19). Finally, the swordsmith engraves their signature on the tang of the blade (photo 20).