Tenrei bansho meigi
Tenrei bansho meigi is the oldest surviving Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters. The manuscript owned by Kosanji was compiled between 830 and 1114 and is the only existing copy, making it extremely valuable for scholars. The dictionary was completed in 830 by Kukai (774–835), the founder of esoteric Shingon Buddhism. It is based on an ancient Chinese dictionary, Yupian, that Kukai brought to Japan after studying in China. Kukai was also a renowned scholar, poet, and calligrapher.