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Daigo-ji

The Daigo-ji is a vast Buddhist temple complex and monastery located in the southeastern part of Kyoto-city, that was founded by the monk Shōbō (aka Rigen Daishi 832–909) in 874. It has prospered under the patronage of successive Japanese emperors and a close association with the Imperial family for more than 1,000 years. Today, it continues to be a globally active site of Buddhist worship, and a center of cultural importance for the people of Japan. Daigo-ji is in more than one way a leading temple of Shingon Buddhism. It is the mother temple of the Daigo order of the Shingon School, and one of the largest holy sites along the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage route – one of the most established pilgrimage routes of Japan. It is also the principal temple of a Shugen-dō mountain ascetic order, a highly syncretistic faith that merged Buddhism and mountain asceticism in Japan since the Heian period. Its treasure chamber houses 75,522 National Treasures as well as 425 Nationally Designated Important Cultural Properties. Owing to its esteemed history, it has been listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994. The temple’s name derived from the Japanese word daigomi meaning the purest essence, which was used to refer to the spring water of the mountain.

Monk Shōbō was a second-generation disciple of the renowned master Kūkai (aka Kōbō Daishi 774–835), the founder of esoteric Shingon Buddhism in Japan and one of the foremost saints of Japan. The Japanese Buddhism of Shingon is today one of the only two branches of active esoteric Buddhism that traces its roots back to the third and last vehicle of Vajrayana, the diamond vehicle that evolved following Mahayana Buddhism, the other being Tibetan Buddhism. According to legend, Shōbō first came across the place he chose as the location of his temple when he was led by a local deity to a spring of holy water. The tradition of Shugen-dō also begins with the ascetic Shōbō at Daigo-ji.

Daigo-ji with its three different parts sprawls across the entire Mount Kasatori: Sanbō-in, Shimo-Daigo and Kami-Daigo. Two of them are found at the foot of the mountain: Sanbō-in, the historical residence of the abbots of Daigo-ji, and Shimo-Daigo, a complex of shrines and halls that forms the main part of the temple. The lower part of the complex is home to Kyoto’s oldest building, the five-storied pagoda (Gojū no tō). The nearby Reihō-kan Museum has been inaugurated in 1935 to house the treasure chamber of the temple. Today, it offers visitors a permanent exhibition and additional seasonal special exhibitions of numerous Tangible Cultural Properties, including National Treasures that are exemplary of Japanese sacred art, including many thousands of valuable documents, Buddhist statues and paintings. The summit of Mt. Kasatori is crowned by the old precinct of Kami-Daigo, the site of the original temple founded by Shōbō in the 9th century.

The temple complex was developed and expanded between 897 and 967 under the auspices of three devoutly Buddhist emperors, Daigo, Suzaku, and Murakami. By the 16th century, however, the ravages of the Ōnin War and natural disasters had devasted much of the temple. Therefore, its current appearance is owing much to the grand scale 16th-century temple restoration and renovation undertook by Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598), a feudal lord and later regent, renowned as the second of the three unifiers who brought closure to the warring era in Japanese history.

醍醐寺

醍醐寺は、京都市の南東部にある仏教寺院です。874年に聖宝（832-909;死後理源大師として知られる）によって設立されました。聖宝は、密教の真言宗を確立した空海（774-835;死後、弘法大師として知られる）の修道僧および孫弟子です。伝説によると、聖宝は聖なる水が湧き出る場所に導かれそこに醍醐寺を建立したと言われています。

今日、醍醐寺は笠取山に広がり、京都の最も古い建造物である五重塔があります。寺院は3つの部分に分かれています。山の下部には、醍醐寺の主要な建造物群を成す寺院やお堂が立ち並ぶ下醍醐、および醍醐寺の僧侶の住居である三宝院があります。山の頂上には上醍醐と呼ばれる、聖宝がはじめに醍醐寺を建てた場所があります。博物館である霊宝館には、何千もの貴重な文書や仏像、絵画を含む非常に数多くの国宝が保管されています。

今日、醍醐寺は宗教的にも文化的にも重要です。醍醐寺は真言宗醍醐派の主要な寺院であり、1994年からユネスコの世界遺産に登録されています。醍醐寺という名前は、最も純粋な本質を意味する日本語の「醍醐味」からきており、山の泉の水の味を表現するために用いられました。

醍醐寺は皇室に支援されてきました。敬虔な仏教徒だった醍醐、朱雀、村上の３人の天皇のもと、897年から967年の間に開発、拡張されました。応仁の乱による火災や自然発生した災害などで寺院は荒廃しましたが、日本全国の多くの寺院を修復したことで知られる武将で天下を統一した豊臣秀吉(1537-1598)によって16世紀に修復されました。

醍醐寺

广阔的佛教寺院醍醐寺坐落在京都市东南方，由圣宝（832-909，圆寂后以“理源大师”之名广为人知）于874年创建。寺院与日本皇室拥有千年以上的深厚渊源，在历代天皇的眷顾下蓬勃发展。醍醐寺作为佛教总本山之一而闻名，对于日本人而言，更是文化价值不菲的古刹。由于醍醐寺是真言宗醍醐派的总本山，故亦成为知名的“西国三十三所观音灵场”中最重要的朝拜圣地，同时更是平安时代传承至今的修验道当山派（融合佛教与山岳宗教两种信仰）的本山。

灵宝馆收藏的75537件国宝及430件重要文化财，因具有极高的历史价值，于1994年被选为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。醍醐寺之名源于表现山泉水滋味的日语“醍醐味”，意为“本质纯粹”。

空海（774-835，圆寂后以“弘法大师”之名广为人知）曾确立真言密教，是日本最知名的僧侣，而圣宝大师即是其徒孙。日本的真言宗是传承至今的两大密教宗派之一（另一宗派则为藏传佛教），源自大乘（摩诃衍那）佛教衍生出的金刚乘教。据说，圣宝大师经佛陀指引来到圣水涌出之地，日后即在此处创建了醍醐寺。圣宝亦是修验道的开山始祖。

醍醐寺由三宝院、下醍醐、上醍醐三大区块构成，范围覆盖整座笠取山。山脚下的三宝院是醍醐寺历代住持的住处；另有下醍醐，该区域寺院众多、佛堂林立，构成醍醐寺的主要建筑群。下醍醐下方还有京都最古老的建筑“五重塔”，其附近是1935年落成的灵宝馆。灵宝馆内收藏寺宝，数千件贵重文书、佛像、画作等大量国宝会在常设展及不同时节的特别展中展出。上醍醐则坐落于笠取山山顶，由圣宝大师于9世纪开创。

醍醐寺有幸受醍醐、朱雀、村上三名笃信佛教的天皇眷顾，曾于897年至967年间被开发和扩建。然而16世纪时因遭遇应仁之乱及天灾，寺院大半被毁坏。不过日后丰臣秀吉（1537-1598）终结战国时代并一统天下，从武将晋升至关白的他大举翻修及改建醍醐寺，造就出今日所见之模样。