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Ono Village in Sotome

A Village That Continued to Practice Their Religious Faith by Praying to Their Own Deities Enshrined in Shinto Shrines

The Significance of Ōno Village in Sotome

The village of Ōno in Sotome is one of four villages that show what sort of objects the Hidden Christians venerated as part of practicing their faith.

Under the ban on Christianity, the Hidden Christians of Ono, at least on the surface, became parishioners of the local Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines. At the same time, they continued to practice their faith by enshrining their own Christian objects of worship in the shrines.

Many Hidden Christians from this region migrated to the Gotō Islands, spreading their communities to the remote islands off Nagasaki.

When the ban on Christianity was lifted, they rejoined the Catholic Church and attended Shitsu Church in the village of Shitsu. Later, they built their own church specifically for the village of Ono, marking the end to their time of hiding.

The Three Shrines Where the Hidden Christians Prayed

According to the records, Ōno Shrine was rebuilt and the deity transferred in 1671, meaning it was the village shrine that existed throughout the period when Christianity was banned. The torii gate at the entrance dates from 1835. Of the three shrines in the village, Ōno Shrine ranks highest because it houses the guardian deity for the entire community, and the village headman traditionally acted as its shrine priest. The majority of the residents of the village were registered parishioners of the Ōno Shrine, telling us that the Hidden Christians of the village outwardly presented themselves as believers in Shinto. The Hidden Christians felt closer to the Kado Shrine and Tsuji Shrine, where they also prayed.

A range of gods were enshrined in Kado Shrine. One of them was Honda Toshimitsu, a Christian who fled to the village of Ōno at the time of the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637.

Tsuji Shrine appears in the written surveys of the Ōmura domain between 1681 and 1861. Generations of the inhabitants of Tsuji (a hamlet that existed from the time when the ban on Christianity went into effect) took care of this shrine. Based on ancient practices of nature worship, the mountain god is enshrined here, but the Hidden Christians prayed to their own god whom they superimposed on the shrine’s original deity.

The Hidden-Christian Graveyard

The residents of the village of Ōno were buried in a common cemetery. Even after the ban on Christianity was lifted, however, the village headman and the local officials denied those who had openly reverted to the Catholic Church the right to be buried in the common cemetery, so a new cemetery was built at some distance from the village. Crosses, medals, and metal rosaries have been excavated there.

PHOTO CAPTIONS

Ono Shrine

Kado Shrine

Tsuji Shrine

Kakure Kirishitan grave marked by heaped-up stones

Ōno Village in Sotome: Scope and Elements

The village of Ōno is located 3 kilometers northwest of Shitsu. It is on a steep slope that overlooks the Sumonada Sea to the west of Mt. Ōnodake.

This village has three shrines (Ōno Shrine, Kado Shrine, and Tsuji Shrine), Hidden Christian graves, and a church that symbolizes the end of the Hidden Christian period.

外海的大野聚落

秘密朝拜神社中供奉的信仰對象 藉此實踐信仰的聚落

外海大野聚落之價值

外海的大野聚落，是潛伏吉利支丹透過朝拜特定物品以實踐信仰的四大聚落之一。

禁教期間，大野聚落的潛伏吉利支丹平時以佛教徒或聚落內神社的氏子（同一地區信奉同一氏神的信徒）自居，實則將自己的信仰對象悄悄供奉於神社中，以此來實踐信仰。

此地區有大量的潛伏吉利支丹移居至五島列島等地，其社群甚至擴展到長崎的離島。

解禁後，潛伏吉利支丹回歸天主教，並前往外海出津聚落的出津教堂進行禮拜。其後，大野聚落也著手興建屬於當地的教堂，從此潛伏時代宣告終結。

潛伏吉利支丹潛心祈禱的三座神社

根據大野神社於1671年重建及遷宮的紀錄，不難推測出其在禁教期間始終存在於聚落中。入口處的鳥居於1835年建成。因大野神社供奉著整個聚落的守護神，故在大野聚落的三座神社中等級最高。神主由歷代庄屋（現今的村長）擔任。大多數居民都被登記為大野神社的氏子，可見大野聚落的潛伏吉利支丹亦刻意偽裝成了神道教信徒。潛伏吉利支丹還曾在更感親民的門神社與辻神社祈禱過。

門神社原本就供奉著眾多神明，1637年「島原-天草起義」時逃至大野的吉利支丹——本田敏光便是其中一位。

1681年至1861年期間，大村藩的調査紀錄中，記載了有關辻神社的描述。辻聚落（於基督教被禁時就存在的聚落）的居民世世代代守護著這座神社。這原本是一座祭祀古時自然信仰「山神｣的神社，潛伏吉利支丹在此將自身的信仰對象與神社內供奉的神靈相重疊，一併獻上祈禱。

潛伏吉利支丹墓地

大野聚落的居民逝世後均被葬於公共墓地。然而即使在基督教解禁後，庄屋（現今的村長）及官員仍拒絕讓那些表明回歸天主教者在公共墓地下葬，由此新墓地便於離聚落稍遠的位置應運而生。新墓地曾出土十字架、勳章、玫瑰念珠的金屬配件等。

（圖片說明）

大野神社

門神社

辻神社

隱匿吉利支丹的積石墓

外海的大野聚落——範圍與要素

外海的大野聚落距離出津西北方約3公里，地處一片陡坡之上，面對角力灘，向西可遠眺大野岳。

此聚落坐落著三座神社（大野神社、門神社、辻神社）、一塊潛伏吉利支丹墓地，以及一座象徵潛伏吉利支丹時代告終的教堂。

外海的大野村落

秘密朝拜神社中供奉的信仰对象借此实践信仰的村落

外海大野村落之价值

外海的大野村落，是潜伏吉利支丹通过朝拜特定物品以实践信仰的四大村落之一。

禁教期间，大野村落的潜伏吉利支丹平时以佛教徒或村落内神社的氏子（同一地区信奉同一氏神的信徒）自居，实则将自己的信仰对象暗中供奉于神社中，由此来实践信仰。

此地区有大量的潜伏吉利支丹移居至五岛列岛等地，其社群甚至拓展至长崎的离岛。

解禁后，潜伏吉利支丹回归天主教，并前往外海出津村落的出津教堂进行礼拜。之后，大野村落也着手兴建属于当地的教堂，潜伏时代从此宣告终结。

潜伏吉利支丹潜心祈祷的三座神社

根据1671年重建及迁宫的记录不难推测出，大野神社在禁教期间始终存在于村落中。入口处的鸟居建成于1835年。因大野神社供奉着整个村落的守护神，故而在大野村落的三座神社中等级最高。神主由历代庄屋（现今的村长）担任。大多数居民都被登记为大野神社的氏子，可见大野村落的潜伏吉利支丹亦刻意伪装成了神道教信徒。潜伏吉利支丹还曾在更感亲民的门神社与辻神社祈祷过。

门神社原本就供奉着众多神灵，1637年“岛原-天草起义”时逃至大野的吉利支丹——本田敏光便是其中一位。

1681年至1861年期间，大村藩的调查记录中，记载了有关辻神社的描述。辻村落（于基督教被禁时就存在的村落）的村民世世代代守护着这座神社。这原本是一座祭祀古时自然信仰“山神”的神社，潜伏吉利支丹在此将自身的信仰对象与神社内供奉的神灵相重叠，一并献上祈祷。

潜伏吉利支丹墓地

大野村落的居民逝世后均被安葬于公共墓地。但即便在基督教解禁后，庄屋（现今的村长）及官员仍拒绝让那些表明回归天主教者在公共墓地下葬，新墓地由此于离村落稍远的位置应运而生。新墓地曾出土十字架、勋章、玫瑰念珠的金属配件等。

（图片说明）

大野神社

门神社

辻神社

隐匿吉利支丹的积石墓

外海的大野村落——范围与要素

外海的大野村落距离出津西北方约3公里，地处一片陡坡之上，面对着角力滩，向西可远眺大野岳。

此村落坐落着三座神社（大野神社、门神社、辻神社）、一块潜伏吉利支丹墓地，以及一座象征潜伏吉利支丹时代告终的教堂。