History and Traditions of Waterfalls in Japan
Japan has many cultural practices that involve water. One such practice is takigyō, the tradition of chanting or praying while standing under a waterfall. The importance of ritual purification by water is mentioned in two of Japan’s earliest chronicles, the Kojiki (712) and the Nihon Shoki (720). It seems that takigyō was first used to purify the body and spirit before entering the precincts of a sacred mountain.
Many waterfalls are thought to be manifestations of Shinto and Buddhist deities. Some people practice takigyō in order to come into direct physical contact with these deities, while others wish to demonstrate their devotion to them. The water is icy cold, and it hits the body with tremendous force. It takes considerable strength and determination to remain focused and to recite sutras or offer prayers while standing under a waterfall.
Recently people have begun practicing nonreligious takigyō to improve their physical stamina and mental focus. Stress reduction, becoming one with nature, and absorbing negative ions have also been given as motivations for the practice.