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Anagama Kilns

This is a diagram of an anagama, or “tunnel” kiln, a type of kiln that was first used in Mino in the seventh century. As suggested by the name, an tunnel kiln is built by first digging out a hole in the slope of a hill. This hole serves as the kiln’s single firing chamber. The furnace door and firebox are at the lower end of the chamber, and the damper and flue are at the upper end.

With the firebox at a lower level, the heat naturally travels up into the chamber, firing the ceramics. Using the damper, the flue can be opened or closed to regulate the temperature by allowing more or less heat to pass up and out of the kiln.

The pillar at the front of the firing chamber does not support the roof of the kiln. This fire-resistant stone column is called a “smoke-dividing pillar” (bun’en-bashira). These pillars were added to control air flow and create a uniform temperature within the kiln, ensuring that the pieces fired evenly. The smoke-dividing pillar was a particular feature of kilns built in Mino and other ceramic-making centers in central Japan.

窖窯

這是一張窖窯的結構示意圖。窖窯又稱「穴窯」，於西元5世紀由中國經朝鮮半島傳入，7世紀首次在美濃投入使用。顧名思義，這種窯爐先需要在山坡上挖穴，洞穴是窯爐唯一的窯室。爐門和火膛位於窯室的底部，風門和煙道則在高處。

由於火膛的位置較低，熱氣自然上升至窯室後對陶器進行燒製。借助風門可開放或關閉煙道，通過控制熱氣的吸排來調節爐溫。

窯室前部的柱子並非用以支撐，這種耐火的石柱名叫「分炎柱」，在窯中是為了控制氣流，幫助窯室維持一致的溫度，確保每件陶器都能均勻受熱。分炎柱是美濃等日本中部主要陶瓷器產地特有的設施。

窖窑

这是一张窖窑的结构示意图。窖窑又称“穴窑”，于公元5世纪由中国经朝鲜半岛传入，7世纪在美浓首次投入使用。顾名思义，这种窑炉先需要在山坡上挖穴，洞穴是窑炉唯一的窑室。炉门和火膛位于窑室的底部，风门和烟道则在高处。

由于火膛的位置较低，热量自然上升至窑室后对陶器进行烧制。借助风门可开放或关闭烟道，通过控制热量的吸排来调节炉温。

窑室前部的柱子并非用于支撑，这种耐火的石柱名叫“分炎柱”，安放在窑中是为了控制气流，帮助窑室维持一致的温度，确保每件陶器都能均匀受热。分炎柱是美浓等日本中部主要陶瓷器产地特有的装置。