Title History-Making Gun Battles: The Siege of Osaka

  • Nagano
Topic(s):
Castles/Palaces
Medium/Media of Use:
Interpretive Sign
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2022
Associated Tourism Board:
Matsumoto City

歴史に残る鉄砲戦:大坂の陣


1614年から1615年にかけて行われた大阪の陣は、16世紀後半から17世紀初頭にかけて権力争いをしていた2つの大名家の最後の激突であった。勝ったのは徳川家康(1543-1616)。家康は火器の力をよく理解していた。大坂城を攻めるとき、ヨーロッパから大砲の砲台を持ち込んだ。

この戦いは、長い間のライバル関係の結果であった。その15年前、家康(1543-1616)はライバルである豊臣家を抑え、日本の支配権を手に入れた。豊臣家に残された砦は、大阪城のみとなった。しかし、家康は豊臣家を脅威とみなし、1614年、豊臣家を徹底的に滅ぼそうと動き出した。

徳川軍は大筒と呼ばれる大口径の火縄銃など、より優れた新型の鉄砲を持ち、オランダやイギリスから入手した大砲10門とともに、日夜、城に砲撃を行った。この砲撃で、城の重い石造りの土台には被害がなかったが、木造の上部構造物には被害があり、城の守備隊の士気も低下したと言われている。当主の母親、淀殿の居室を破り、茶箪笥を壊してしまったという話もある。

結局、城は燃え、豊臣家の若き当主、秀頼(1593-1615)は切腹した。

History-Making Gun Battles: The Siege of Osaka


The Siege of Osaka Castle, fought in 1614 and 1615, was the final clash between the Toyotomi and Tokugawa families. They had feuded for power throughout the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and the ultimate victor was Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the first of the Tokugawa shoguns and the founder of a dynasty that would last until 1868. Ieyasu understood the power of firearms; when he attacked Osaka Castle, he brought a battery of cannons from Europe.

The siege was the climax of a long rivalry. Fifteen years earlier, Ieyasu had gained control of Japan by subduing the Toyotomi family and their remaining retainers. The final holdouts were left with a single stronghold: Osaka Castle, ruled by Toyotomi Hideyori (1593–1615). But Ieyasu still saw the Toyotomi family as a threat, and in 1614, he moved to destroy them once and for all.

Ieyasu’s armies had newer, better guns, including large-caliber matchlocks called ōzutsu. They used these heavy guns to bombard the castle day and night, supplemented with barrages from the 10 cannons Ieyasu had obtained from the Dutch and English. The bombardments did not harm the castle’s heavy stone foundation, but they are said to have damaged its wooden buildings and demoralized the fortress’s defenders. According to one account, a cannon ball breached the apartments of Hideyori’s mother, Yododono, and destroyed a tea cabinet as she was using it.

Ieyasu’s tactics proved to be successful. On the eighth day of the fifth month, the young head of the Toyotomi family committed ritual suicide as the castle burned, and the long feud came to an end.

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