Title The Former Kaichi School Building, a National Treasure

  • Nagano
Topic(s):
Castles/Palaces
Medium/Media of Use:
Interpretive Sign
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2022
Associated Tourism Board:
Matsumoto City

国宝 旧開智学校校舎


旧開智学校校舎は、西洋のデザイン要素を日本の伝統建築で再現した「擬洋風」と呼ばれる建築様式で有名である。

松本出身の大工、立石清重(1829-1894)が設計した2階建ての建物である。立石は洋風建築を任されたが、当時の日本の建築家の多くがそうであったように、石や煉瓦を使った建築の経験がなかった。そこで立石は、木造校舎を西洋風に見せるための工夫を凝らした。例えば、1階下部の「石積み」は、実は漆喰でできている。擬洋風とは、1868年の明治維新以降、日本が鎖国を解き、西洋の思想や技術を取り入れるようになったことで、流行したデザインである。

この学校は、もともと松本の中心部、女鳥羽川のほとりにあり、1876年から1963年まで小学校として使用されていた。1964年に現在の場所に移設され、現在は日本の教育史に関する資料館として活用されている。2019年、旧開智学校校舎は教育建築物としては初めて国宝に指定された。

The Former Kaichi School Building, a National Treasure


The Former Kaichi School Building is known for its architecture, which features Western design elements recreated with traditional Japanese materials and construction techniques. This hybrid of styles is called “pseudo-Westernism” (giyōfū).

The two-story structure was designed by a carpenter from Matsumoto named Tateishi Seijū (1829–1894). Tateishi was tasked with creating a Western-style building, but like most Japanese architects of the time, he had no experience building with stone or brick. Faced with this challenge, Tateishi took creative steps to make the wooden school appear more like a Western building. For example, he used stucco to create the “stonework” on the lower part of the building’s exterior. Pseudo-Western design became popular following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when Japan abandoned its closed-border policy and began to adopt technology and culture from the West.

The school building was originally located in central Matsumoto on the bank of the Metoba River, where it was used as an elementary school from 1876 to 1963. It was moved to its current location in 1964 and has since become a museum of modern-era architecture and the history of education in Japan. In 2019, the Former Kaichi School Building was the first school building from its era to be designated a National Treasure.

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