Operating a Tatara Furnace
Tatara furnaces can be operated using two different methods: direct smelting and indirect smelting. The direct method creates a porous mass of iron and steel, called a kera, which is formed at the bottom of the furnace. The indirect method creates lower-grade pig iron, which flows out through channels at the base of the furnace.
Direct smelting is employed at Nittōho Tatara, a local ironworks that revived the tatara method. Each operation is a continuous process that lasts three days and three nights. While a crew of workers maintains the supply of raw materials in the workshop, the murage (foreman) and his assistant add layers of iron sand and charcoal to the furnace every 30 minutes or so.
The exact amounts of iron sand and charcoal consumed in a single operation of the furnace differ each time. The murage must judge how much to add by listening to the sound of the furnace and observing the state of the kera through small holes in the furnace near the air pipes. On average, Nittōho Tatara uses 10 metric tons of iron sand and 12 metric tons of charcoal to produce a kera weighing 3 metric tons.