Portrait of Emperor Uda
This image depicts Emperor Uda as a monk, holding a sword in one hand. It may seem incongruous for a monk to be shown holding a sword, but this one is more a religious implement than a weapon. It can be compared to the sword shown in the hand of Fudo Myo-o, the Immovable Wisdom King and one of the central deities of Shingon Buddhism, in many images. This instrument cuts not through flesh, but through the delusions that lead people astray from their path to enlightenment. The fact that retired emperor Uda is shown holding such a specific sword invites a comparison to Fudo Myo-o and alludes to the seriousness with which he embraced the Buddhist faith.
As was the convention for his time, Emperor Uda entered religious life after stepping down from his position as emperor. Retired monarchs did not always show such dedication to their priestly vows, but Uda was committed to the faith throughout his life. He fulfilled his late father’s wishes by founding Ninnaji in 888 and was ordained there upon his retirement, becoming the temple’s first priest of imperial lineage.