地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

Biodiversity

Many people think of national parks as tranquil places to stroll while looking at trees, flowers, rivers, and so on. In fact, Japan’s national park system plays an essential role in preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species. One local animal you might think was reasonably safe from natural threats is the Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus). They can grow very large, some almost as big as the giant Kodiak bears of Alaska. Brown bears once roamed freely throughout Hokkaido, but their habitats have steadily shrunk in conjunction with the spread of humans. In one part of the western Ishikari region brown bears are already considered endangered, and other areas may follow. Fortunately, this park covers a large part of their habitat, and aims to preserve as much of that habitat as possible.

Another local resident, the Ezo deer, has just the opposite problem. It has proliferated to such an extent that it is damaging both agriculture and forestry, causing traffic accidents, and hurting vegetation inside the park, leading the Hokkaido government to create a strategic management plan to cope with the increasing numbers of deer.

The park is also well known for its wide variety of birds. Of course, Hokkaido winters are harsh, so the majority of the winged residents here are summer birds. The park is home to several species of woodpecker, as well as the great tit and marsh tit, the hazel grouse, Japanese thrush, brown-headed thrush, narcissus flycatcher, Japanese bush warbler, black-faced bunting, and the Oriental cuckoo. In summer you can hear them talking to each other, bringing even the densest forest alive with the sound of chirping.

The tremendous biodiversity at Shikotsu-Toya National Park is a vital element of its appeal, and protecting the wide variety of flora and fauna found within its boundaries remains an important part of the park’s mission.

生物多樣性

在一般人看來，國立公園無非是看看花草樹木、河水湖泊，休閒散步的放鬆之處。但在日本，國立公園系統架構在保護生物多樣性與瀕危物種方面也發揮著至關重要的作用。在支笏洞爺國立公園中，生活著一種名為東北棕熊的動物，它們體型巨大，部分個體堪比棕熊類的最大亞種——阿拉斯加科迪亞克棕熊，是在自然威脅下受到較好保護的動物之一。隨著人類的侵犯，曾經遍布北海道的東北棕熊棲息地隨之縮小。石狩地區西部的東北棕熊甚至瀕臨滅種，而其他地區也極有可能步其後塵。所幸，這座國立公園包含了它們絕大部分棲息地，並努力將保護範圍拓展到其他棲息地。

與東北棕熊恰巧相反，同為當地居民的蝦夷鹿，因其過度的繁殖，已達到破壞農林業、引發交通事故，甚至破壞公園內植被的程度。為此，北海道專門製定了應對蝦夷鹿增長的戰略性管理計劃。

多種多樣的鳥類也是這座國立公園為人所知的原因之一。因北海道冬季環境嚴酷，所以在夏季才能看到鳥兒成群。數種啄木鳥、遠東山雀、沼澤山雀、花尾榛雞、烏灰鶇、赤胸鶇、黃眉姬鶲、日本樹鶯、灰頭鹀、中杜鵑等多種鳥類在公園內棲息。每至夏季，便能聽到鳥兒們的吟唱，婉轉啼鳴為蔥鬱的森林賦予全新的活力。冬季，這裡並非沒有鳥類的身影。日本銀喉長尾山雀身披厚厚的過冬絨毛，它們只棲息於北海道，嬌小雪白且毛茸茸的模樣深受人們喜愛，被稱作「雪之精靈」。

出色的生物多樣性是支笏洞爺國立公園引以為傲之處，也是它不可或缺的一大魅力。保護園內生長繁育的動植物，亦是國立公園的重要使命之一。

生物多样性

在一般人看来，国立公园无非就是看花赏木、游山玩水、休闲漫步的安逸之所。但就日本的国立公园而言，其系统架构还在保护生物多样性与濒危物种方面起到了不可或缺的作用。生活在支笏洞爷国立公园的动物中，有一种叫做东北棕熊的动物，它们体型巨大，部分个体堪比棕熊类的最大亚种——阿拉斯加科迪亚克棕熊，是在自然威胁下受到较好保护的动物之一。随着人类的入侵，曾经遍布北海道的东北棕熊栖息地逐渐缩小。石狩地区西部的东北棕熊甚至濒临灭绝，而其他地区也极有可能步其后尘。所幸，这座国立公园覆盖了它们绝大部分栖息地，并竭力将保护范围扩展到其他栖息地。

与东北棕熊恰好相反，同为当地居民的虾夷鹿，因过度繁殖，已达到破坏农林业，引发交通事故，甚至破坏公园内植被的程度。为此，北海道专门启动了应对虾夷鹿增长的战略性管理规划。

鸟禽种类繁多，也是这座国立公园闻名遐迩的原因之一。因北海道冬季酷寒之故，多数鸟类出现在夏季。数种啄木鸟、远东山雀、沼泽山雀、花尾榛鸡、乌灰鸫、赤胸鸫、黄眉姬鹟、日本树莺、灰头鹀、中杜鹃等多种鸟类在公园内栖息。每至夏季，便能听到鸟儿们的歌声，婉转啼鸣为葱郁的森林赋予新的生机。冬季，这里并非没有鸟类的身影。被厚厚的过冬绒毛包裹的日本银喉长尾山雀会在此出没。它们只栖息于北海道，娇小雪白且毛茸茸的模样深受人们喜爱，被称作“雪之精灵”。

出色的生物多样性是支笏洞爷国立公园引以为傲之处，也是它不可或缺的一大魅力。保护园内生长繁育的动植物，亦是国立公园的重要使命之一。