地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

The Early History of Umi Jigoku and Kannawa Hot Springs

The earliest written record of Beppu’s steaming hot spring pools (called jigoku, or “hells”) is the eighth-century Bungo no kuni fudoki (Record of Bungo Province). This record mentions, among other features, a “red hot spring,” which is likely today’s Chinoike Jigoku (Blood Pond Hell).

According to legend, the traveling Buddhist monk Ippen Shonin (1239–1289) created Kannawa Hot Springs in 1276. Ippen is said to have been told in a dream to visit the Kannawa area, where villagers were troubled by the dangerous, boiling hot springs. Ippen was instructed to “subdue” (fill in) the hot pools by writing lines of sutra on countless rocks and hurling them into the springs. After he had filled in most of the pools, he was told in another dream to create a bath, fed by the remaining hot springs, that would heal people’s maladies through the combined effects of prayer and hot spring waters. This became the area’s first medicinal bath; many more were built in later centuries.

During the Edo period (1603–1867), traveler and geographer Furukawa Koshoken (1726–1807) recorded in 1783 a spring named Ike no Jigoku, or Pond’s Hell, (today’s Umi Jigoku). When discussing this unusual name with a local resident, he received a humorous response: “If an inanimate, wordless pond can be sent down to hell, then surely humans can be sent there as well!” The term “hell” was used for many other local springs, including Aburaya no Jigoku (Oil Merchant’s Hell) and Sakaya no Jigoku (Sake Shop’s Hell). These no longer exist, and their former locations are unknown.

A later pictorial record from 1845, Tsurumi shichito no ki (Record of the Tsurumi’s Seven Hot Springs), shows that area residents used the hot water and steam from Kannawa’s hot springs to cook food and for bathing and medicinal purposes. It also depicts teahouses, a garden, and other facilities built around the steaming pools, showing that by this time the pools were an established part of local culture.

海地獄和鐵輪溫泉的早期歷史

有關別府溫泉的最早書面記載出現在西元8世紀的《豐後國風土記》中，書中對溫泉的諸多特徵皆有描述，更特意提及了「紅色溫泉」，很可能就是今天的「血池地獄」。

相傳，鐵輪溫泉是僧侶一遍上人（1239-1289）在1276年創建的，據說一遍僧人在夢中被告知要去往鐵輪地區，救助飽受沸騰溫泉威脅的村民。根據夢中指引，他需將寫有佛經的岩石「填入」溫泉。於是，一遍僧人書寫了無數岩石投入泉中。待溫泉池基本被填滿後，他又做了一次夢，受命利用餘下的溫泉造一個浴池，結合佛經力量和溫泉效果來治癒疾病。自此，這個地區有了第一個療養溫泉，並在隨後的幾個世紀裡逐漸增加。

江戶時代（1603-1867）的旅行家、地理學家古川古松軒（1726-1807）在1783年記錄了一個名為「池之地獄」（今海地獄）的溫泉。他在向當地居民打聽這個不尋常的名字時，得到一個幽默的回答：「如果連不會說話、沒有生命的池塘都能下地獄，那人類當然也可以！」。當地曾有過許多以「地獄」為名的溫泉，比如油屋地獄、酒屋地獄，只是如今都已不復存在，且具體位置不得而知。

一幅1845年的畫作《鶴見七湯乃記》描繪了本地居民利用鐵輪溫泉的熱水和蒸汽來烹飪食物、沐浴和療養的場景。熱氣蒸騰的泉池邊圍繞著茶室、庭園和其他設施，顯示出溫泉早已成為了當地文化的一部分。

海地狱和铁轮温泉的早期历史

有关别府“地狱”的最早书面记载出现在公元8世纪的《丰后国风土记》中。书中对温泉的诸多特征皆有描述，更特别提到了一个“红色温泉”，很可能就是如今的“血池地狱”。

相传，铁轮温泉是云游僧人一遍上人(1239-1289)在1276年创建的。据说一遍僧人在梦中被告知要去往铁轮地区，帮助当地饱受沸腾温泉威胁的村民。一遍得到指示，应当用写有佛经的岩石“填入”温泉，于是他书写了无数岩石投入泉中。待温泉池大部分被填满后，他又做了一个梦，受命利用余下的温泉造一个浴池，结合佛经力量和温泉效果来疗愈疾病。自此，这个地区就有了第一个疗愈温泉，并在随后几个世纪里出现了更多。

江户时代(1603-1867)的旅行家、地理学家古川古松轩(1726-1807)在1783年记录了一个名为“池之地狱”（今“海地狱”）的温泉。说到温泉名字的不寻常时，当地居民给了他一个幽默的回答：“如果连不会说话、没有生命的池塘都能下地狱，那人类当然也可以！”本地曾有过许多以“地狱”为名的温泉，比如油屋地狱、酒屋地狱，只是如今都已不复存在，之前在哪里也不得而知。

一幅1845年的画作《鹤见七汤乃记》描绘了本地居民使用铁轮温泉的热水和蒸汽来烹饪食物、沐浴和治疗的场景。热气蒸腾的泉池边围绕着茶室、庭园和其他设施，显示出温泉早已成为了本地文化的一部分。