地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

The Structure of the Castle Foundation

The stone walls of the castle’s foundation were built using rough-hewn rock taken from nearby mountains. In this style of masonry, which was common in the latter half of the sixteenth century, the rocks are lightly worked (or “dressed”) with chisels to fit them together. Although lightly worked stone was considered less refined than cut stone, lightly worked stone walls required less labor and could be completed more quickly. The gaps left between the stones allowed rainwater to drain through the foundation, protecting the lowermost sections of the castle from rot. For added stability, long rectangular keystones were placed at the corners in alternating directions.

Matsumoto Castle is located on a composite alluvial fan, and there was a risk that its foundation would gradually sink, causing the Great Keep to collapse. When the castle was built, internal support structures were used to shore up the foundation and prevent it from sinking. Before constructing the stone walls, the builders laid 3-meter logs at roughly 50-centimeter intervals along the area that would become the bottom of the foundation. Additional timbers were then laid perpendicularly on top of this structure, creating “pillows” that would support the larger stones at the base. This created a raftlike structure that would more evenly disperse the weight of the keep.

As a final measure, two rows of logs were driven vertically into the ground under the moat roughly 5 meters from the foundation. These outer rows were believed to further solidify the soil and prevent the entire section of earth from shifting or sliding.

城郭地基的結構

松本城的天守台是用從附近山上開採的粗岩所砌。這種將用鑿子簡單加工後的岩石堆積組合的建築方式在16世紀下半葉很常見，被稱為「毛面砌法」。用這種方法加工的石牆當然不如使用精切石塊來得精緻，但既省時又省力，且石塊間的縫隙還可以排出雨水，從而保護城郭下部免遭水浸腐壞。為進一步加固地基，天守台四角還採用「算木砌法」，交錯嵌入了長方形條石。

松本城位於一片複合沖積扇河洲上，這意味著大天守地基會面臨慢慢下沉、最終坍塌的風險。因此，在建城之初工匠便採用了內支撐結構來加固天守台，防止其下沉。首先在計畫堆砌石垣的地基上，按照50公分的間隔鋪設3公尺長的木樁，隨後在木樁上架設兩根木材，與木樁垂直，如「木枕」般承托牆基大石。整個結構又如同木筏，可均勻分散大天守的重量。

此外，還有兩排木樁被垂直打入距離地基約5公尺遠的護城河底。根據推測，這是為了進一步穩固泥土，防止這片區域的土地移位或滑坡。

城郭地基的结构

松本城的天守台使用从附近山上开采的毛胚岩石砌成。这种将用凿子简单加工后的岩石堆积组合的建筑方式在16世纪下半叶很常见，被称为“毛面砌法”。用这种方法堆砌的石墙当然不如使用精加工石块来得精致，但它胜在省时省力，且石块间的缝隙还可以排出雨水，从而保护天守下部免遭水浸腐坏。为进一步加固地基，天守台的四角还采用“算木砌法”，交错嵌入了长方形的条石。

松本城位于一片复合冲积扇河洲上，这意味着大天守面临着地基慢慢下沉、最终坍塌的风险。因此，在建城之初工匠便采用了内支撑结构来加固天守台，以防止其下沉。首先，在计划堆砌石垣的地基上，按照50厘米的间隔铺设3米长的原木，随后在其上方架设两根木材，方向与原木垂直，如此形成的“木枕”便可承托起墙基大石。整个结构又形同木筏，可均匀分散大天守的重量。

此外，还有两排木桩被垂直打入距离地基约5米远的护城河底。据推测，这是为了进一步稳固泥土，防止这片区域的土地移动或滑坡。