Title The Decline of Tatara Ironmaking

  • Shimane
Topic(s):
Historic Sites/Castle Ruins
Medium/Media of Use:
App, QR code, etc.
Text Length:
≤250 Words
FY Prepared:
2023
Associated Tourism Board:
tetsu no michi bunkaken suishin kyogikai

たたら製鉄の衰退


1800年代後半、日本政府は西洋の思想や技術を積極的に輸入するようになった。これには、大量の鉄と鋼を必要とする西洋建築や鉄道輸送の導入も含まれた。


この需要を満たすために、反射炉と最新の鉄鉱石採掘技術も輸入された反射炉は従来のたたら炉よりも効率がよく、八幡製鉄所(福岡県北九州市)や釜石製鉄所(岩手県釜石市)などで広く採用された。


1921年のデータは、この2つの技術の間のギャップを示している: 1トンの銑鉄を生産するために、たたら炉は8トンの砂鉄を必要としたが、反射炉は2トンの鉄鉱石しか必要としなかった。たたら炉は貴重な玉鋼を生産でき、反射炉はそうではなかったが、当時重要なのは質ではなく量であった。


大正の初期を通じて、たたら製鉄所の経営者たちは、レンガで背の高い四角い角炉を作り、伝統的な製法を改良しようとした。この角炉は粘土炉のように操業のたびに作り直す必要がなく、連続使用が可能であった。角炉の登場によって、何世紀もわたって使われてきた伝統的な粘土炉は終わりをつげ、奥出雲で最後のたたら炉は1923年に閉鎖された。

The Decline of Tatara Ironmaking


In the late 1800s, the Japanese government began actively importing Western technologies. This included Western architecture and rail transportation, both of which required large quantities of iron and steel. Reverberatory furnaces and the latest advancements in iron-ore-mining techniques were also imported to meet this demand.


Reverberatory furnaces are more efficient than traditional tatara furnaces, and they were widely adopted at sites such as Yawata Steelworks (Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture) and Kamaishi Ironworks (Kamaishi, Iwate Prefecture).


Data from 1921 shows the differences between the two technologies: to produce 1 metric ton of pig iron, a tatara furnace required 8 metric tons of iron sand, but a reverberatory furnace required only 2 metric tons of iron ore. Although a tatara furnace could produce prized tamahagane steel and the reverberatory furnaces could not, it was quantity, not quality, that mattered at that time.


Throughout the early years of the Taishō era (1912–1926), owners of tatara ironworks attempted to improve on the traditional methods by creating tall, square kakuro furnaces out of brick. Unlike clay furnaces, these kakuro furnaces did not need to be rebuilt after every operation and could be used continuously. The arrival of kakuro marked the end for the traditional clay furnaces that had been used for centuries, and the last tatara furnace in Okuizumo was closed in 1923.

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