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History of the Sanjukkokubune Boats

The sanjukkokubune is a type of flat-bottomed boat that was traditionally used to carry rice, sake, and other goods along the rivers that flow from Kyoto to Fushimi and Osaka. Over its long history, Fushimi grew to be a major inland port, and key to its growth was the transportation of goods across a network of waterways in which the sanjukkokubune played a key role. The name of the boat refers to the amount that it could carry: 30 koku (sanjukkoku), or approximately 4,500 kilograms. During the period of its usage, a koku was defined as the amount of rice one person could eat in a year—or drink, in the case of sake—and was used when levying taxes, which were almost always paid in rice.

Smaller, lighter boats plied the shallow Takasegawa River Canal running between Fushimi and Kyoto’s Nijō district, and the heavier sanjukkokubune traveled up and down the Ujigawa and Yodogawa rivers to Osaka. The key point of cargo exchange was Fushimi. By the time of the Kyoto Exposition in 1872, some of the boats were running so quickly between ports that they earned the name hayafune, literally “speed boats.” At their peak, 320 Yodogawa River hayafune made the round trip from Fushimi to Osaka every day and through the night. The advent of railroads saw their eventual decline, and the last boats were retired in 1920 after roughly 300 years of operation. Since 1998, motor-powered replicas have taken tourists around the waterways of Fushimi. The boats start at the pier outside the entrance to Chōkenji Temple or in front of the Teradaya Inn landing. The tours are especially popular during the cherry-blossom season in spring.

三十石舟的歷史

三十石舟是一種傳統平底船，用於運送稻米、清酒及其它物資，主要在從京都經伏見至大阪的河流上航行。在漫長的歷史中，利用三十石舟通過水道網運送了大量物資，是伏見能夠成功發展為主要內陸港的關鍵因素。所謂「三十石」是指，船只可以運載30石的重量，即約4500公斤。當時，「石」的定義是一人一年可以吃米的重量（如果是酒則是可以飲用的酒量），以米繳納徵稅也以「石」計算。

小型輕巧的船隻主要在連接伏見與京都二條地區的淺運河高瀨川中航行，而較重的三十石舟則穿過宇治川和澱川往返在伏見和大阪兩地。由此，伏見成為當時重要的貨物集散地。

在1872年召開京都博覽會以前，有些船隻的航行速度非常快，因此得名「快船」。最繁忙時，每天有320艘澱川快船不分晝夜往來於伏見與大阪之間。鐵路的出現最終導致了伏見的衰落，最後一艘船於1920年退役，同時伏見約300年航運史也宣告落幕。但自1998年起，引擎驅動的仿製船開始搭載著遊客在伏見的水道中巡遊，特別是春天的櫻花季，觀光船一票難求。乘船地點在長建寺入口處的碼頭和寺田屋前的船隻停泊處。

三十石舟的历史

三十石舟是一种传统平底船，用于运送大米、清酒及其它物资，主要在从京都经伏见至大阪的河流上航行。在漫长的历史中，利用三十石舟通过水道网运送大量物资，是伏见能够成功发展为主要内陆港的关键。“三十石”，是指船只的最大承载量为30石，约4500公斤。当时，“石”的定义是每人每年的大米消费量（若是酒，就是酒的消费量），通常作为以大米为税收的征收单位。

小型轻巧的船只，会穿梭在连接伏见与京都二条地区的浅运河高濑川上，而较重的三十石舟则经由宇治川和淀川，往返于伏见和大阪两地。因此，伏见是当时重要的货物集散地。

在1872年举办京都博览会以前，有些船只的航行速度非常快，因此得名“快船”。最繁忙时，每天有320艘淀川快船不分昼夜往来于伏见与大阪之间。铁路的出现最终导致了伏见的衰落，最后一艘船于1920年退役，同时伏见约300年航运史也宣告落幕。但自1998年起，引擎驱动的仿制船开始搭载游客在伏见的水道中巡游，特别是春天的樱花季，观光船一票难求。乘船地点在长建寺入口处的码头和寺田屋前的船只停泊处。