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Archeological Site of Nakagusuku Udun

Nakagusuku Udun was a large villa built as a palace for the crown prince of Ryukyu. With its size, quality, and prominence, Nakagusuku Udun was a superb embodiment of Ryukyuan architectural design synthesis and originality. Its name derived from the fact that the crown prince was traditionally given rule of the Nakagusuku domain, located in the central region of Okinawa, and was referred to as Prince Nakagusuku. The villa was initially built in the seventeenth century on the broad ceremonial main avenue near the Chuzanmon Gate, a convenient distance from Shuri Castle.

Nakagusuku Udun was relocated to a spacious site facing Ryutan in 1873, shortly before the end of the Kingdom. When Shuri Castle became a Japanese military facility in 1879, the new villa became the primary residence for members of the royal family who remained in Okinawa. The palace was surrounded by centuries-old villas and gardens in a district that was home to the elite scholar-aristocracy of the Ryukyus.

Layout and Design

Like Shuri Castle, the villa was divided according to Ryukyuan custom. Public administrative zones were accessible, located towards the south-facing main gate, while private living quarters for the crown prince and his family and court members were located to the rear. The most secluded zone was a private area for women called the Ouchibara, similar to that at the castle.

The architectural layout and design of Nakagusuku Udun blended aspects of Japanese and Chinese planning with indigenous Ryukyuan features. The complex was comprised of about 20 separate raised wooden buildings that were grouped around Ryukyu-style gardens and courtyards and linked by covered passageways. Stone walls gave additional separation and spatial definition. One of the villa’s most interesting aspects was its clear central axis with a succession of gates and courtyards in a style derived from Chinese palace architecture, but the overall composition lacked the strict symmetry typically found in China. The buildings were arranged more freely, more closely in accordance with Japanese aesthetic and functional sensibility. A Chinese-style landscape garden occupied a broad hilly area to the rear of the site.

Destruction and Reconstruction

Nakagusuku Udun was used as a residence for descendants of the royal family until it was destroyed, along with numerous royal treasures and historical records, during the Battle of Okinawa in May 1945. Of the original complex, only a well and massive stone walls along the perimeter remain. Fortunately, many reliable records and photographs of the villa survived. The Okinawa Prefectural Museum building constructed on the site in 1966 was demolished in 2008, allowing important excavations to be carried out on the site.

中城御殿舊址

「中城御殿」是琉球國王世子的宅邸，無論從規模、品質，還是其高調的風格來說，中城御殿都是琉球建築的集大成者，同時又不乏獨創性。宮殿以「中城」為名，是因為通常國王的世子都會被分封到「中城間切」，稱「中城王子」。「間切」是沖繩方言，古沖繩地區的行政區劃名，中城間切包括今北中城村、中城村及宇流麻市津堅島等地，位於沖繩島中部。原宅邸始建於17世紀，緊鄰「中山門」，地處舉辦典禮的大道旁，往來首里城十分方便。

1873年，就在王國覆滅前夕，中城御殿遷移至龍潭對面的開闊地上。1879年首里城改作日本軍事設施後，新的中城御殿就成了滯留在沖繩島上的王室成員的主要居所。宮殿周圍一帶多為數百年老宅和園林，是琉球精英學者和貴族的聚居地。

佈局與設計

和首里城一樣，這座宮殿的佈局同樣遵循琉球當地風俗。公共行政區正對南大門，屬於開放區域；世子、家眷及王室成員的居所在後部，為私人區域；最私密的區域專供女眷使用，名「御內原」，與首里城的御內原相似。

中城御殿的建築佈局及設計兼取中、日之長，同時保有琉球的風格特徵。整個建築群包括約20座獨立的高床式木建築，與琉球式的庭園、中庭間雜交錯，以簷廊相連。石牆起到了進一步區隔以及空間規劃的作用。整座宅邸最有趣的一大特色在於：雖然沿清晰中軸線分佈的門戶和庭院都帶有中國宮廷建築風格，但整體結構上卻看不到中式建築中典型的嚴格對稱佈局。這裡的建築佈局更自由，也更接近日式審美並兼顧功能性。

宮殿後部的丘陵地帶上方有一座占地廣闊的中國式景觀園林，明治元年（1868年），來自久米村的鄭良佐等三人被派到中國福州學習風水，歸來後憑藉所學完成了這片園林的選址和佈局設計。

毀滅與復興

中城御殿一直是王室子弟的居所。1945年5月在沖繩島戰役中，所有原始建築幾乎全毀，只留下了一口井和巨大的石頭宮牆。同時，不計其數的王室珍寶和歷史文獻也在戰火中散失。幸運的是，大量詳實可靠的文字記錄和照片資料都被保存了下來。加上1966年在宮殿遺址上建造的沖繩縣立博物館已於2008年拆除，各項重要的發掘工作得以重新展開。

中城御殿旧址

“中城御殿”是琉球国王世子的宅邸。无论从规模、品质，还是其不容忽视的卓越性来说，中城御殿都是琉球建筑的集大成者，同时又不乏独创性。宫殿以“中城”为名，是因为通常国王世子都会被分封到“中城间切”，称“中城王子”。“间切”为冲绳方言，古冲绳地区的行政区划名，中城间切包括今北中城村、中城村及宇流麻市津坚岛等地，位于冲绳岛中部。原宅邸始建于17世纪，紧邻“中山门”，位处举办仪典的大道旁，往来首里城十分便捷。

1873年，就在王国覆灭前不久，中城御殿迁移至龙潭对面的开阔地上。1879年首里城改作日本军事设施后，新的中城御殿便成了留在冲绳岛内的王室成员的主要居所。宫殿周围一带多为数百年老宅和园林，是琉球精英学者与贵族的聚居地。

布局与设计

和首里城一样，这座宫殿的布局同样遵循琉球本地风俗。公共行政区正对南大门，属于开放区域；世子、家眷及王室成员的居所在后部，为私人区域；最隐蔽的区域专供女眷使用，名叫“御内原”，与首里城的御内原相似。

中城御殿的建筑布局及设计兼取中、日之长，同时保有琉球的风格特征。整个建筑群包括约20座独立的高床式木建筑，与琉球式的庭园、中庭间杂交错，以檐廊相连。石墙起到了进一步区隔以及定义空间的作用。整座宅邸最有趣的一大特色在于：虽然沿中轴线清晰分布的门户和庭院都带有中国宫廷建筑风格，但整体结构上却看不到中式建筑中典型的严格对称布局。这里的建筑排布更自由，更接近日式审美并兼顾功能的考量。

宫殿后部的丘陵地带上方，有一座占地广阔的中国式景观园林。明治元年(1868)，来自久米村的郑良佐等三人被派到中国福州学习风水，归来后凭借所学完成了这片园林的选址和布局设计。

毁灭与复兴

中城御殿向来是王室子弟的居所。1945年5月在冲绳岛战役中，所有原始建筑几乎全毁，只留下了一口井和巨大的石头宫墙。同时，不计其数的王室珍宝和历史文献也在战火中遗失。幸运的是，大量详实可靠的文字记录和照片资料都被保存了下来。加上1966年在宫殿遗址上建造的冲绳县立博物馆已于2008年拆除，各项重要的发掘工作得以就地展开。