地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

Zuihoden

Light filters through ancient cedars on the climb up the steps to the quiet hillside grounds of Zuihoden, Date Masamune’s final resting place. The Zuihoden complex is vast, and includes the burial sites of numerous members of the Date family. Lavish mausoleums adorned with ornate carvings pay homage to Masamune (1567–1636), the founder of the Sendai domain, and his successors, Tadamune (1599–1658) and Tsunamune (1640–1711). The grounds include several monuments and a museum that displays excavated burial items such as swords and helmets.

The Zuihoden Mausoleum

After entering the Zuihoden complex, visitors arrive at a roofed gate with closed black doors adorned with gilded Date family crests. This is the Nehanmon Gate (Nirvana Gate), the main entrance to Masamune’s mausoleum. The gate represents enlightenment, and the passing of the spirit from this world to the next. Intricately carved designs of flowers and auspicious mythical creatures such as kirin decorate the spaces between the gabled roof and the doors. Kirin are mythical beasts with some of the attributes of a unicorn, believed to herald the coming of an illustrious ruler.

Beyond the gate, steep steps flanked by stone lanterns lead to the Haiden gateway, which opens into a courtyard. Through the courtyard, past a final gate, lies the jet-black mausoleum. It is embellished with opulent gilding on the two central doors and vivid carvings under the eaves of the roof. On each of the doors is a gilded design of two sparrows encircled by bamboo—one of the most iconic of the Date family crests. A wooden statue of Masamune is housed within the mausoleum, and on special occasions such as the anniversary of his death (May 24), the doors are opened to reveal the statue.

In 1636, after Date Masamune’s death in the capital at the age of 70, his body was carried by palanquin back to Sendai from Edo (now Tokyo) and laid to rest where the mausoleum now stands. The mausoleum is a reconstruction of the original, which was destroyed during World War II. During the early phases of reconstruction work, archeological excavations yielded the remains of Masamune and numerous burial items. Masamune’s burial items are exhibited at the Sendai City Museum, but those of Tadamune and Tsunamune, the second and third lords of Sendai, can be viewed at the Zuihoden Museum.

The Kansenden and Zennoden Mausoleums

From the Nehanmon Gate the path continues through the forested grounds and passes a large cenotaph. This is a monument to the victims of the Boshin War (1868–1869), a civil war that restored rule under the emperor and ended the Tokugawa shogunate. Beyond the cenotaph are the Kansenden and Zennoden mausoleums. They stand close together beside the Myounkaibyo, a small cemetery with the graves of other Sendai lords.

Kansenden is built on the burial site of Tadamune (1599–1658), Masamune’s second son. As the second lord of Sendai, Tadamune led large-scale land reform, and is credited with strengthening the domain’s prosperity.

Zennoden commemorates Tsunamune (1640–1711), Tadamune’s sixth son and the third daimyo of the Sendai domain. He was an accomplished artist, well known for his calligraphy and ink paintings of the landscapes of northern Japan. Both mausoleums share the opulence of Zuihoden.

瑞鳳殿

爬上階梯來到山腰處的「瑞鳳殿」，那是伊達政宗最後安息的靜謐之地，沿途可見光線從古老的雪松灑下。瑞鳳殿陵墓群的規模龐大，包括伊達家族眾多成員的陵墓，均奢華地飾有華美的雕刻裝飾，用以表達對仙台藩主政宗（西元1567–1636）及其繼任者忠宗（西元1599–1658）、綱宗（西元1640–1711）的崇敬之情。靈地內設有幾座紀念碑和一座博物館，館內展示劍和頭盔等出土的陪葬品。

瑞鳳殿陵墓

進入瑞鳳殿陵墓群後，會見到附有屋頂的黑色大門緊閉，上面飾有鍍金的伊達家族徽章。這扇大門是涅槃門，政宗陵墓的主入口，這道門則代表大徹大悟，也象徵靈魂從現世前往靈界。懸山頂屋簷和大門之間的區域，可見精雕細刻的花朵和神話中的祥瑞之獸（如「麒麟」）等圖案。

門後陡峭的台階兩側設有石燈籠，由此可前往通往中庭的拜殿門。穿過中庭並經過最後一扇門後，映入眼簾的是一座墨黑色的陵墓，陵墓中央的兩扇門飾有華美的金箔，屋簷下則有栩栩如生的雕刻。其他的每扇門上也都飾有鍍金圖案，那是伊達家紋中最具象徵性的圖案之一，即由竹子環繞著兩隻麻雀的竹雀紋。陵墓內有一尊政宗的木造雕像，在政宗的忌日（5月24日）等特殊場合時，兩扇大門會打開，讓大家有機會親眼目睹雕像。

西元1636年，伊達政宗在首都江戶（現在的東京）去世，享年70歲，人們用轎子將他的遺體運回仙台，安放於現在我們所見到的陵墓。瑞鳳殿在原址的基礎上重建，至於先前的陵墓已於第二次世界大戰時損毀。人們在重建工作的早期考古挖掘期間，發現了政宗的遺骨和眾多陪葬品。如今政宗的陪葬品在仙台市博物館展示，而仙台的第二任藩主忠宗、第三任藩主綱宗的陪葬品則安置在瑞鳳殿資料館。

感仙殿和善應殿

從涅槃門出發，再穿過林地之後，會看到一座大型紀念碑，此為紀念在戊辰戰爭（西元1868–1869）中犧牲的戰士而建。在這場內戰過後，天皇取回政權，結束德川幕府的統治。紀念碑旁則是感仙殿和善應殿，兩座大殿彼此緊鄰，旁邊坐落著妙雲界廟，這塊小型墓地中有其他兩位仙台藩主的陵墓。

感仙殿蓋在政宗次子忠宗（西元1599–1658）的墓地之上。忠宗作為仙台的第二任藩主，在他領導之下進行大規模的土地改革，使得藩地可以進一步繁榮發展。

善應殿則是為了紀念綱宗（西元1640–1711）而建，他是忠宗的六子，也是仙台藩的第三位大名。此外，綱宗還是一位頗具造詣的藝術家，以書法和描繪日本北部風景的水墨畫聞名。上述兩座陵墓與瑞鳳殿同樣華麗。

瑞凤殿

瑞凤殿是伊达政宗最后安息之地，位于静谧的山腰处。拾阶而上，沿途可看到阳光透过古老的雪松林，散发出一道道光辉。瑞凤殿陵墓群规模庞大，包括伊达家族众多成员的陵墓。奢华的陵墓均饰有华美的雕刻，用以表达对仙台藩祖政宗 (1567–1636) 及其继任者忠宗 (1599–1658) 和纲宗 (1640–1711) 的崇敬之情。灵地内设有几座纪念碑和一座博物馆，博物馆内展有剑和头盔等出土的陪葬品。

瑞凤殿陵墓

进入瑞凤殿陵墓群后，游客会来到一扇有屋檐的大门前。这道黑色大门紧闭，上面饰有镀金的伊达家族徽章。此门为涅槃门，是政宗陵墓的主入口，代表大彻大悟，以及灵魂从此世界去往彼世界。人字形屋檐和大门之间的区域精雕细刻，饰有花朵和祥瑞之兽（如麒麟）的图案。

门后的陡峭台阶两侧设有石灯笼，由此可前往通向中庭的拜殿门。穿过中庭，经过最后一道门，便可抵达墨黑色的陵墓前。陵墓中央的两扇门上饰有华美的镀金层，屋檐下则有栩栩如生的雕刻。每扇门上都饰有镀金的图案，即由竹子环绕的两只麻雀，此图案是伊达家徽中最具标志性的图案之一。陵墓内设有一尊政宗的木制雕像，在一些如政宗忌日（5月24日）等的特殊场合，两扇大门会全部打开，露出雕像。

1636年，伊达政宗在首都去世，享年70岁。人们用轿子将他的遗体从江户（如今的东京）抬回仙台，安放在现在的陵墓地址。原来的陵墓在第二次世界大战期间遭到损毁，现在的瑞凤殿是在原址的基础上重建的。在重建工作的早期阶段，人们在考古挖掘期间发现了政宗的遗骨和众多陪葬品。政宗的陪葬品在仙台市博物馆展出，而仙台藩的第二任和第三任藩主忠宗和纲宗的陪葬品则陈列于瑞凤殿博物馆中。

感仙殿和善应殿

从涅槃门出发，沿路穿过林地，随后会经过一座大型纪念碑。此纪念碑旨在纪念戊辰战争 (1868–1869) 中的遇难者。这场内战结束后，天皇的统治得到恢复，德川幕府的时代落下帷幕。纪念碑旁便是感仙殿和善应殿。两座大殿紧邻妙云界庙这座小型墓地，这座墓地内有其他仙台藩主的陵墓。

感仙殿建于政宗次子忠宗 (1599–1658) 的墓地之上。作为仙台的第二任藩主，忠宗领导了大规模的土地改革，促进了藩地的进一步繁荣发展。

善应殿则是为纪念忠宗的第六子，即仙台藩的第三位大名纲宗 (1640–1711) 而建。纲宗是一位颇有造诣的艺术家，以其书法和描绘日本北部风景的水墨画而闻名。同瑞凤殿一样，这两座陵墓也具有富丽堂皇的风格。