地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

Preserving Matsumoto Castle for Future Generations

Historic Sites around Matsumoto Castle

Five buildings of Matsumoto Castle are designated National Treasures: the Great Keep, the Northwest Tower, the Roofed Passage, the Southeast Wing, and the Moon-Viewing Tower. However, in its heyday Matsumoto Castle was an elaborate complex of multiple baileys, moats, stone walls, and gated entrances. Many of these structures were designated National Historic Sites in 1930.

The grounds of Matsumoto Castle today consist mainly of the first and second baileys. During the Edo period (1603–1867), the castle was surrounded by a much larger third bailey that extended all the way to the Ōtemon Gate in the south, near to where Yohashira Jinja Shrine is located today. With the rapid modernization that marked the advent of the Meiji era (1868–1912), the local government decided that there were more beneficial uses for the expansive castle grounds. Workers filled in the moats and flattened the earthen embankments, turning the third bailey into a public, urban space.

The first and second baileys were protected as National Historic Sites in 1930 during the Showa era (1926–1989). However, much of the grounds was still occupied by non-protected buildings, such as a courthouse and a school. These other facilities were later relocated to protect the historical integrity of the site, after which the castle grounds were turned into what is now Matsumoto Castle Park. While very few sections of the moats remain, a section of the outermost moat and one segment of the earthen embankments are also preserved as National Historic Sites.

The image below was created by overlapping an illustrated map of the castle, created in 1728, with a map used for urban planning created in 2004. Residential and commercial buildings now occupy most of the land reclaimed from the outer moat and outermost moat.

Preservation of Historic Sites

After the Edo period ended in 1867, many structures at Matsumoto Castle were demolished. The buildings that remained included the five main structures of the castle, the Ninomaru Goten, and a tower located at the southern corner of the second-bailey wall. However, the Ninomaru Goten burned down in 1876, and the tower was eventually demolished as well, leaving only the castle itself and a few sections of the walls and moats.

In the 1950s, the five buildings of the castle underwent massive repairs, and portions of the walls of the Kuromon Gate and the inner moat were restored. The aim of these renovations and all subsequent work on the areas designated National Historic Sites has been to restore them to the way they looked between 1850 and 1860. Other major projects include the reconstruction of the inner portion of the Kuromon Gate in 1960 and the Taikomon Gate in 1999. The continuing efforts to preserve not only the parts of Matsumoto Castle that are designated National Treasures but also those designated National Historic Sites represent a collaboration between researchers, experts, and local staff.

Although the stone-wall foundation of Matsumoto Castle has stood for over 400 years, sections of it occasionally bulge out or collapse. Repairing the foundation is an important part of preserving the castle for future generations. In 2014, a portion near the Uzumimon Gate was repaired after having been damaged by an earthquake three years earlier. At that time, a part of the stone wall to the west of the Ninomaru Goten site was also repaired after the roots of a nearby zelkova tree intruded into it. Rebuilding the Edo-period walls requires considerable time and expense, but the work has been made possible with aid from the national and prefectural governments.

A large project is currently in the works to recreate the southern and western portions of the outer moat that were reclaimed in 1919. This is just one part of the continuing efforts to restore the castle to its nineteenth-century appearance.

為後世留下松本城

松本城周邊遺址

松本城內共有5座建築被指定為國寶，分別是：大天守、乾小天守、渡櫓、辰巳附櫓和月見櫓。不過全盛時期的松本城是一個更為精美繁複的城郭建築群，由多個「丸」（城郭內的防禦空間，從內至外通常為「本丸」、「二之丸」、「三之丸」等）、護城河、石垣、城門等組成，其中多處建築設施均在1930年被指定為國家史跡。

如今的松本城保留了本丸和二之丸這兩部分。江戶時代（1603-1867），城郭周邊還有一處面積更大的「三之丸」，該區域向南一直延伸到大手門（今四柱神社附近）。進入明治時代（1868-1912）後，飛速的現代化進程成為時代標籤，當地政府認為應該有效利用城郭周邊的土地。於是，護城河被填平、土壘被推倒，三之丸變成了城市公共空間。

昭和時代（1926-1989），本丸和二之丸於1930年被指定為國家史跡。然而，城郭內還有例如裁判所和學校在內的許多非保護建築。為了保護遺址完整的歷史風貌，這些設施後來被陸續遷出，並在城郭遺址上修建了如今的松本城公園。護城河大部分現已不存，但有一段外堀（第二條護城河）河道及一段土壘被保存下來並已被指定為國家史跡。

下圖展示了兩份地圖的疊加對比效果，其中一份是1728年的城下町（圍繞城郭發展起來的市鎮）地圖，另一份是2004年的城區規畫圖。外堀和總堀（最外側的護城河）被填平的區域經過重新開發，如今幾乎全是住宅和商業建築。

遺址保護

1867年江戶時代告終，之後松本城內許多設施被拆除，但最主要的5座建築及二之丸御殿、二之丸城牆南角的天守都保留了下來。不過二之丸御殿在1876年失火被焚毀，東北方的塔樓也被拆除，只剩下天守建築群和少數幾段城牆、護城河道留存至今。

1950年代，當地對城內5座建築進行了大規模修繕，並修復了黑門的部分城牆和內堀（最內側的護城河），這一系列維修工作及隨後在國家史跡指定區域內開展的所有工程，目的都是要恢復松本城在1950年代至1960年代的面貌。其他修復工程主要包括1960年黑門的「一之門」（內門）和1999年太鼓門的重建。長期的維護保護工作是研究者、專家和地方人士共同努力的結果，保護對象不只是松本城內被指定為國寶的天守群，還包括國家史跡部分。

松本城的石垣已經矗立了400多年，有些地方難免也偶爾會出現膨脹或坍塌的情況，要為子孫後代留住松本城，修復石垣是其中的重要一環。2014年，埋門附近一段在3年前的地震中受損的石垣得到修復。同一時期，二之丸御殿西側一段遭到附近櫸樹樹根破壞的石垣也被修整。恢復江戶時代石垣的面貌需要大量時間和經費，好在國家和縣政府予以支援，工程才得以順利進行。

目前正在進行的大型工程是復原1919年被填平的外堀南段和西段區域。恢復城郭19世紀時的面貌是一段漫長的道路，眼下的工作僅僅是其中的一小步而已。

为后世留下松本城

松本城周边遗址

松本城内共有5座建筑被指定为国宝，分别是：大天守、乾小天守、渡橹、辰巳附橹、月见橹。不过全盛时期的松本城是一个更为精美繁复的城郭建筑群，由多个“丸”（城郭内的防御空间，从内至外通常为“本丸”、“二之丸”、“三之丸”等）、护城河、石垣、城门等组成，其中多处建筑设施均在1930年被指定为国家史迹。

如今的松本城保留了本丸和二之丸这两部分。江户时代(1603-1867)，城郭外围还有一处面积更大的“三之丸”，该区域向南一直延伸到大手门（今四柱神社附近）。进入明治时代(1868-1912)后，飞速的现代化进程成为时代的标签，本地政府认为应该有效利用城郭外围的土地。于是，护城河被填平，土垒被推倒，三之丸变成了城市公共空间。

昭和时代(1926-1989)，本丸和二之丸于1930年被指定为国家史迹。然而，城郭内还有诸如裁判所和学校在内的诸多非保护建筑。为了保护遗址完整的历史风貌，这些设施后来被陆续迁出，城郭遗址上修建了如今的松本城公园。护城河大部分现已不存，但有一段外堀（第二条护城河）河道及一段土垒被保存下来并已被指定为国家史迹。

下图展示了两份地图的叠加对比效果，其中一份是1728年的城下町（围绕城郭发展起来的市镇）地图，另一份是2004年的城区规划图。外堀和总堀（最外侧的护城河）被填平的区域经过重新开发，如今几乎布满了住宅和商业建筑。

遗址保护

1867年江户时代结束后，松本城内许多设施被拆除，但最主要的5座建筑及二之丸御殿、二之丸城墙南角的天守都保留了下来。只是二之丸御殿在1876年失火焚毁，东北方的塔楼也最终被拆除，仅天守建筑群和少数几段城墙、护城河道留存至今。

20世纪50年代，本地对城内5座建筑进行了大规模修缮，并修复了黑门周边的部分城墙和内堀（最内侧的护城河）。这一系列维修工作及随后在国家史迹指定区域内开展的所有工程，最终目的都是要恢复松本城在19世纪50年代至60年代的面貌。其他修复工程主要包括1960年黑门的“一之门”（内门）和1999年太鼓门的重建。长期的维护保护工作是研究者、专家和本地人士共同努力的结果，保护对象不只是松本城内被指定为国宝的天守群，还包括国家史迹部分。

松本城的石垣已经矗立了400多年，有些地方难免也偶尔会出现膨胀或坍塌的情况。要为子孙后代留住城郭，修复石垣是其中的重要一环。2014年，埋门附近一段在3年前的地震中受损的石垣得到修复。同一时期，二之丸御殿西侧一段遭到附近榉树树根破坏的石垣也被修整。恢复江户时代石垣的面貌需要大量的时间和经费，好在国家和县政府予以支持，工程才得以顺利进行。

目前正在进行的大型工程是复原1919年被填平的外堀南段和西段区域。恢复城郭19世纪时的面貌是一段漫漫征途，眼下的工作仅仅是其中的一小步而已。