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Stone Pagodas of Hinoshima

More than 70 stone pagodas in a variety of shapes and sizes dot the barren landscape on a projecting sandspit off the southern end of the small island of Hinoshima, next to Wakamatsu Island. Formerly covered by forest, the site was once a secluded cemetery where medieval traders and seafarers buried their dead, established monuments for comrades lost at sea, and even built memorials to themselves in anticipation of the same fate.

Most of the pagodas were erected between the late 1300s and the 1400s, when mariners from Goto actively engaged in trade and piracy along the coasts of the Korean Peninsula and China. These seafarers often sold their exotic wares to the nobility and other wealthy customers in Kyoto.

Goods bound for Kyoto were unloaded either in Wakasa Bay on the Sea of Japan coast or near present-day Osaka and Kobe. Many of the pagodas on Hinoshima are made of types of stone found only in these areas, suggesting that the stones likely arrived on the island as ballast loaded into trading ships for the journey back to Goto.

Judging from their shape and structure, some of the monuments are thought to have been acquired in one piece in mainland Japan and brought to Hinoshima, rather than being assembled on site. One common style of pagoda is the gorinto, a five-part structure in which each differently shaped part symbolizes one of the five elements that in Buddhism constitute the cosmos. The shapes and their corresponding elements are a cube for earth, a sphere for water, a pyramid for fire, a hemisphere for air, and a jewel for void. Another frequently seen type is the hokyo-into, a tower-like construction crowned by a stepped pyramid with a pointed finial on top.

日島石塔群

日島緊鄰若松島，其南端一處沙嘴上坐落著70多座大小形狀各異的石塔。這片荒蕪之地曾被森林覆蓋，是日本中世紀（12-16世紀）商賈和水手埋葬死者的隱蔽墓地，他們為在海上喪生的戰友立碑，甚至為自己建造紀念塔，以迎接同樣的命運。

這些石塔大多建於14世紀晚期至15世紀，當時五島的水手們在朝鮮半島和中國沿海從事貿易活動或襲擊搶劫船隻，還經常向京都的貴族和富人兜售異國的奇珍異寶。

運往京都的貨物在日本海沿岸的若狹灣或今天的大阪、神戶附近卸下。日島的許多石塔都採用這些地方的特有石材，它們很可能是商船上的壓艙石，隨船運到此處。

從形狀和結構來看，有些石塔應該是從日本本土採購後直接運到島上，而非在現場組裝而成。五輪塔是其中常見的一種，由5個不同形狀的部分組成，象徵佛教中構成宇宙的五種元素——方形代表地，球形代表水，金字塔形代表火，半球形代表風（氣），寶石形代表天空（空）。另一種常見的是寶篋印塔（篋，音同「竊」），塔頂呈階梯形金字塔狀，帶一個尖頂裝飾。

日岛石塔群

日岛是紧邻若松岛的一座小岛，其南端一处沙嘴上坐落着70多座大小形状各异的石塔。这片荒芜之地曾被森林覆盖，是日本中世纪（12-16世纪）商人和水手埋葬死者的隐蔽墓地，他们为在海上丧生的战友立碑，甚至为自己建造纪念塔，以迎接同样的命运。

这些石塔大多建于14世纪晚期至15世纪，当时五岛的水手们活跃于朝鲜半岛和中国沿海，从事贸易活动或抢劫过往船只，还经常向京都的贵族和富人兜售异国的奇珍异宝。

运往京都的货物在日本海沿岸的若狭湾或今天的大阪、神户附近卸下。日岛的许多石塔都采用了这些地区的独有石材，它们很可能是作为压舱石随商船运来的。

从形状和结构来看，有些石塔应该是从日本本土采购后直接运到岛上，而非在现场组装而成。五轮塔是其中常见的一种，由5个不同形状的部分组成，象征佛教中构成宇宙的五种元素——方形代表地，球形代表水，金字塔形代表火，半球形代表风（气），宝石形代表天空（空）。另一种常见的是宝篋印塔（篋，音同“窃”），塔顶呈阶梯形金字塔状，带一个尖顶装饰。