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Hoto Noodles

Hoto are thick, broad noodles made of wheat and served in a vegetable broth. Unlike many other kinds of Japanese noodles, hoto are not parboiled. Once the dough is kneaded, dried, and cut, the noodles are simmered along with the rest of the ingredients. Kabocha winter squash is the key ingredient in the rich, sweet broth, and carrots, cabbage, sweet potatoes, and meat are usually thrown into the pot as well.

The origins of the dish are obscure. The Pillow Book and other records from the Heian period (794–1185) mention a flour-based paste called hakutaku, later pronounced hoto. Hakutaku, however, appears to have been eaten with azuki beans, and there is no obvious connection to the hoto eaten in the Fuji Five Lakes. Wheat was probably adopted out of necessity, since rice was so difficult to grow in the region. Until a few decades ago, every home had a hoto chopping board that saw regular use.

One folk etymology links the word hoto to a story of how the daimyo Takeda Shingen used his hoto, or “jeweled sword,” to cut dough into noodles for his troops. Though it is believed that Shingen’s army ate hoto while on the march, and many hoto restaurants fly his battle flag, the connection to the name is very likely fiction.

餺飥

餺飥是一種用小麥粉製成的麵條，又粗又寬，常搭配蔬菜湯一起享用，與日本其他麵食不同。製作餺飥時不需先用水煮，麵團經過搓揉、刀切和晾乾後可直接與其它蔬菜一起烹煮。製作湯底時，南瓜甜味非常重要，通常還會加入胡蘿蔔、高麗菜、紅番薯和肉類等。

這道美食的起源已無從稽考。據傳，平安時代（794-1185）的《枕草子》和其它記錄中曾提及一種名為「Hakutaku」的小麥製成的麵食，它後來被讀作「Houtou」，也就是餺飥。但是，「Hakutaku」是與紅豆一起食用的，與富士五湖地區吃的餺飥沒有明確的關聯。該地區因為難以種植大米，所以不得不種植小麥。數十年前，家家戶戶都備有專門製作餺飥的砧板，經常製作餺飥。

有另一種民間說法認為，「餺飥」一詞與武田信玄（1521-1573）有關，傳說他曾用自己的「寶刀」（日語中與餺飥發音相同）為部下切麵糰做麵條。雖然謠傳信玄軍可能在軍營中吃過餺飥，很多餺飥店也掛著信玄軍旗，但這個故事很有可能純屬虛構。

馎饦

馎饦是一种用小麦粉制成的面条，又粗又宽，常配以蔬菜汤食用。与日本其他面食不同，制作馎饦时无需先用水煮，生面经过揉胚、刀切和晾干后可直接与其它蔬菜一起烹煮。制作汤底时，南瓜的甜味非常重要，通常还会加入胡萝卜、卷心菜、红薯和肉类等。

这道美食的起源已无从稽考。有一种说法是，平安时代（794-1185）的《枕草子》和其它记录中曾提及一种名为“Hakutaku”的小麦制成的面食，它后来被读作“Houtou”，也就是馎饦。但是，“Hakutaku”是与赤豆一起食用的，与富士五湖地区吃的馎饦没有明确的关联。该地区因为难以种植大米，所以不得不种植小麦。直到几十年前，这里的家家户户都有馎饦专用砧板，经常用来制作馎饦。

有另一种民间说法认为，“馎饦”一词与武田信玄（1521-1573）有关，传说他曾用自己的“宝刀”（日语发音与馎饦相同）为部下切面胚做面条。虽然信玄军据信可能在前线吃过馎饦，很多馎饦店也挂着信玄军旗，但这个故事很有可能纯属杜撰。