地域観光資源の 多言語解説文データベース

Ano People

The Sakamoto area in the north of Otsu is replete with rough stone walls that look so ancient they have blended into the landscape. Local sacred sites, from Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine all the way up to Enryakuji Temple at the top of Mt. Hiei, exhibit a similar style of stonework. These walls are the legacy of a group of people known as the Ano, who lived near Sakamoto. The Ano were not a distinct ethnic group, but rather a family of stonemasons who passed their knowledge down from one generation to the next.

Ano masons initially built foundations and retaining walls at Hiyoshi Taisha. When Enryakuji began building satobo retirement residences for older monks in Sakamoto, Ano craftsmen did the stonework, giving the town the distinctive look it retains today. After the warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) laid siege to Enryakuji in 1571, one of his generals reported that the resilient Ano-built protective walls had not collapsed, even as the temple was engulfed by flames. In 1576, Nobunaga commissioned the Ano to build the foundations of his new Azuchi Castle on the eastern side of Lake Biwa, drawing the attention of other warlords to Ano stonework.

Unlike typical stoneworkers, Ano masons use no mortar or other adhesive to keep the wall together. They also do not shape or carve the stones they work with; instead, Ano masons simply choose from a range of natural rocks and stack them together, almost like a puzzle. This gives Ano stone walls a distinct texture with a mix of large and small stones and plenty of crevices. Putting the right stone in the right spot is crucial, as a single misplaced stone can mean an entire wall must be rebuilt. It is said that to make such fine judgments, Ano craftsmen must be able to hear where each stone wants to go.

Today, there is still one company of Ano masons using traditional techniques, although each stone is now labeled. The company works on the reconstruction of historic sites all over Japan, from Sakamoto to Kumamoto Castle in Kyushu.

穴太眾

大津北部的坂本地區到處都是古老粗糙的石牆，已與景觀融為一體。從日吉大社到比睿山山頂的延曆寺，在坂本的各處聖地都能看到風格相似的石牆。這些石牆都是住在坂本附近被稱為「穴太眾」的人群留下的遺產，穴太眾並不是一個特定的族群，而是世代承襲石匠技藝的石匠家族。

穴太眾石匠最初建造了日吉大社的地基和擋土牆，當延曆寺開始在坂本為年長僧侶建造退休住宅「里坊」時，穴太眾工匠又繼續負責打造石牆，從而造就了今天的特色街景。1571年，在戰國梟雄織田信長（1534-1582）圍攻延曆寺之後，他的一位部將報告說，儘管寺廟已經被大火吞噬，穴太眾築造的防護石牆卻依然堅固未曾倒塌。1576年，織田信長委託穴太眾在琵琶湖東側修築新安土城的地基，引起了其他武將對穴太眾的關注。

與普通石匠不同，穴太眾不使用砂漿或其他黏合劑砌石，不對石頭塑形或雕刻，他們只是從大批天然岩石中挑選出一些，再像拼圖一樣將它們堆疊起來。大小石塊混雜，留有許多縫隙，營造出穴太眾石牆的獨特質感。將最合適的石頭放在最恰當的位置至關重要，哪怕只有一塊石頭出錯，便意味著整面石牆都必須重築。據說要做出如此細緻的判斷，穴太眾工匠必須能夠「聽到」每塊石頭「想去」的位置。

時至今日，仍有一家穴太眾石匠公司使用傳統技術築牆，只是現在每塊石頭都會被貼上標籤，從坂本到九州的熊本城，他們正致力於日本各地歷史遺跡的重建。

穴太众

大津北部的坂本地区到处都是古老粗糙的石墙，已与景观融为一体。从日吉大社到比睿山山顶的延历寺，在坂本的各处圣地都能看到风格相似的石墙。这些石墙都是住在坂本附近被称为“穴太众”的人们留下的遗产。穴太众不是一个明确的种族，而是世代承袭石匠技艺的石匠家族。

穴太众石匠最初建造了日吉大社的地基和挡土墙。当延历寺开始在坂本为年长僧侣建造退休住宅“里坊”时，穴太众工匠又开始负责打造石墙，遂造就了今天的特色街景。1571年，在战国枭雄织田信长(1534-1582)围攻延历寺之后，他的一位部将报告说，尽管寺庙已经被大火吞噬，穴太众筑造的防护石墙却依然坚固，未曾倒塌。1576年，织田信长委托穴太众在琵琶湖东侧修筑新安土城的地基，引起了其他武将对穴太众的关注。

与普通石匠不同，穴太众既不使用砂浆或其他粘合剂砌石，也不对石头塑形或雕刻，他们只是从大批天然岩石中选出一些，再像拼图一样将它们堆叠起来。大小石块混杂，留有许多缝隙，营造出穴太众石墙的独特质感。将最合适的石头放在最恰当的位置至关重要，哪怕只有一块石头出错，便意味着整面石墙都必须重筑。据说，要做出如此细致的判断，穴太众工匠必须能够“听到”每块石头“想去”的位置。

今天，仍有一家穴太众石匠公司使用传统技术筑墙，只是现在每块石头都会被贴上标签。从坂本到九州的熊本城，他们正致力于日本各地历史遗迹的重建。