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Izumo Grand Shrine: Founding

The “Izumo Grand Shrine and Its Rituals” gallery is a themed exhibition about the history, architecture, and rituals of Izumo Grand Shrine—a major Shinto shrine located next to the museum. The main deity worshipped at the shrine is Ōkuninushi no Kami (“Great Lord of the Land”), a god of agriculture, nation building, and en-musubi (“tying of bonds between people”). The concept of en-musubi comprises not only the relationships between couples, neighbors, and coworkers, but also the success of farmer’s harvests and other positive outcomes in people’s daily lives.

The exact founding of Izumo Grand Shrine is uncertain, but the shrine’s origin is depicted in the kuni-yuzuri (“relinquishing the land”) myth, which appears in the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan). Another myth describing the shrine’s founding is recorded in the Izumo no kuni fudoki (Gazetteer of Izumo Province). All three of these texts date from the eighth century and testify to the long-standing significance of the shrine.

Izumo Grand Shrine has been rebuilt many times throughout its history. The main sanctuary (honden) has generally followed the taisha-zukuri style, a type of shrine architecture based on ancient dwellings. Taisha-zukuri structures have a gable roof with stairs leading to an off-center entrance on the building’s gable end (one of the building’s shorter sides); this entrance is called a tsumairi. Taisha-zukuri structures also have a high floor raised on pillars. In the museum gallery, a rare early artifact—an earthenware pot dating to the first century CE—depicts this kind of elevated structure. Excavated in neighboring Tottori Prefecture, the pot is engraved with a building set on pillars and accessed by a long stairway.

Several other artifacts in the exhibit indicate that Izumo held special significance as early as the Yayoi period (800 BCE–300 CE). For example, a comma-shaped bead (magatama) and bronze dagger-axe (dōka) dating to the Yayoi period were excavated near the shrine. The bead was produced in what is now Niigata Prefecture, in northwest Japan, and the dagger-axe was produced in northern Kyushu, a main island to the west. The tremendous distance each of these artifacts traveled indicates the importance of Izumo in ancient times. Even stronger evidence is provided by the ritual burials of Yayoi-period bronze bells and swords that were found at sites nearby.

Ancient versions of the main sanctuary are said to have been truly grand structures, towering over the landscape at 48 meters in height. Kuchizusami, a tenth-century educational text for aristocratic children, describes Izumo Grand Shrine as the tallest building in the country at the time, alongside the Daibutsuden (Great Buddha Hall) at Tōdaiji Temple in Nara, and the administrative building of the imperial court in Kyoto. The large 1/10-scale model at the center of the gallery represents one interpretation of how Izumo Grand Shrine may have looked during the tenth century.

出雲大社：創建

主題展覽室「出雲大社與眾神之國的祭祀」介紹出雲大社的歷史、建築及宗教祭典相關的內容。出雲大社坐落於博物館旁，是神道教最重要的神社之一。大社的主祭神是大國主神，掌管農業發展、國家建設及牽線結緣。在這裡，「結緣」的概念並不僅限於夫妻、鄰居、同事之間，還包括比如為農民帶來豐收等等，讓人們的日常生活和美好成果結下「緣份」。

出雲大社創建的確切時間不詳，但早在《古事記》和《日本書紀》的「讓國神話」（大國主神把國土讓給天照大御神子孫的故事）中，它便已登場亮相。另一個提及大社創建的神話被記錄在《出雲國風土記》中。這三本古籍的時間都可以追溯到西元8世紀，足以證明出雲大社自古以來的重要性。

出雲大社曾多次重建。大社本殿（正殿）大致延續了「大社造」樣式，是一種以古代民居為基礎的神社建築樣式。大社造的結構特點在於切妻屋頂（懸山頂）和「妻入」式入口，建有樓梯的入口開在建築較窄的山牆側，且不在正中。此外，大社造建築的地板被抬高，用立柱支撐。展覽室中一件珍貴的早期文物上描繪了這種「高床式」建築，它是一個西元前1世紀的陶罐，出土於相鄰的鳥取縣，罐身上雕刻著一座立柱支撐的建築，門前有長長的臺階。

展覽室內的另外幾件文物也顯示出，早在彌生時代（西元前800年-西元300年），出雲地區便已擁有了特殊地位。例如，展品中的巴形玉（勾玉）和青銅戈均出土於大社附近，其歷史都可以追溯至彌生時代。其中，勾玉出自如今日本西北部的新潟縣，銅戈則來自西部大島九州的北部地方。當年它們都千里迢迢被帶到這裡，足以證明古代出雲是一處重要的地區。而更有力的證據則是一批出自附近遺址的青銅鐸與青銅劍，過去都是彌生時代的喪葬禮器。

相傳，曾經的出雲大社本殿極其宏偉，高達48公尺。根據西元10世紀名為《口遊》的貴族子弟教科書記載，出雲大社本殿的高度超過了名列第三的京都御所大極殿和排名第二的東大寺大佛殿，是當時全國最高的建築。展覽室中央陳列著一座1:10比例的大型模型，可供游客一窺10世紀時出雲大社的風采。

出云大社：创建

主题展室“出云大社与众神之国的祭祀”介绍出云大社的历史、建筑及宗教祭典等内容。出云大社就坐落于博物馆隔壁，是神道教最重要的神社之一。大社的主祭神是大国主神，主管农业发展、国家建设、牵线结缘。在这里，“结缘”的概念并不仅限于夫妻、邻里、同事之间，还包括期盼与农业丰收等日常生活的美好愿景结下“缘分”。

出云大社创建的确切时间不详，但它早在《古事记》和《日本书纪》的“让国神话”（大国主神将国土让给天照大神子孙的故事）中便已登场亮相。另一个提及大社创建的神话则被记录在《出云国风土记》中。这三本古籍的时间都可以追溯到公元8世纪，足以证明出云大社长久以来的重要性。

出云大社曾多次重建。大社本殿（正殿）大体延续了“大社造”样式，这是一种以古代民居为基础的神社建筑样式。大社造的结构特点在于“切妻”屋顶（悬山顶）和“妻入”式入口，建有楼梯的入口开在建筑较窄的山墙一侧，且不在正中。此外，大社造建筑的地板浮于地面，底下用立柱支撑。展室中一件珍贵的早期文物上就描绘了这种“高床式”建筑。这是一个公元前1世纪的陶罐，出土于邻县鸟取县，罐身上雕刻着一座立柱支撑的建筑，门前有长长的台阶。

展室内的另外几件文物也显示，出云地区早在弥生时代（公元前800年—公元300年）便已拥有了特殊地位。例如，展品中的巴形玉（勾玉）和青铜戈均出土于大社附近，其历史都可以追溯至弥生时代。其中，勾玉出自如今日本西北部的新潟县，铜戈则出自西部大岛九州的北部地区。当年它们千里迢迢被带到这里，足以证明古代出云是一处重要的地区。而更有力的证据则是一批出自附近遗址的青铜铎与青铜剑，它们都是弥生时代的丧葬礼器。

相传，曾经的出云大社本殿极其宏伟，高达48米。根据公元10世纪一本名叫《口游》的贵族子弟教科书记载，出云大社本殿的高度超过了排名第三的京都御所大极殿和第二的东大寺大佛殿，是当时全国最高的建筑。展室中央陈列着一座1:10比例的大型模型，可供来访者一窥10世纪时出云大社的风采。