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Banshoin Temple and the Tombs of the So Family

The So family were lords of Tsushima from the thirteenth century until the late nineteenth century, and Banshoin is their ancestral temple. The temple is located in the shadow of Mt. Shimizu on the western edge of the town of Izuhara and includes a sprawling hillside mausoleum containing the graves of the So family from 1615 onward. In that year, So Yoshinari (1604–1657) founded the temple in memory of his father Yoshitoshi (1568–1615), naming it Banshoin after Yoshitoshi’s posthumous honorary name. Adjacent to the temple was Kaneishi Castle, the So family’s stronghold and main residence.

Banshoin is entered via a path that passes by the temple’s red main gate, flanked by a pair of statues of Nio guardian kings believed to ward off evil and protect the temple from harm. The gate is the only original structure remaining on the grounds; the other buildings were lost to fire and subsequently rebuilt.

Beyond the gate is the main hall, which holds a set of three bronze altar decorations: a candlestick with a crane-and-turtle motif, a lion-shaped censer, and a flower vase. These items were gifts from the king of Korea, sent as an expression of condolences for the death of a head of the So family. The Korean court maintained close ties with the So, who were tasked with managing diplomatic relations between the kingdom and the Tokugawa shogunate and were granted a trade monopoly with Korea throughout the Edo period (1603–1867). Banshoin used to house many more such metal implements, but the others were requisitioned and melted down for military use during World War II.

From the main hall, a 132-step stone staircase leads to the So family mausoleum. Its uppermost section, the Kami-Otamaya, is overshadowed by three giant cedar trees; it contains the tombs of the So lords and those of their wives and adult children. The tombs’ sizes vary according to the prominence and wealth of the Tsushima domain at the time. So Yoshinari’s tombstone and that of his successor Yoshizane (1639–1702) are the largest, reflecting the prosperity of Tsushima during the latter half of the seventeenth century when trade with Korea flourished. On the cemetery’s lower levels are the tombs of other family members, including concubines and children who died young.

萬松院和宗家陵園

從13世紀至19世紀晚期，「宗」家一直是對馬的領主。他們的家廟「萬松院」坐落於嚴原町西緣的清水山麓，山坡上佔地廣闊的家族陵園內，坐落著1615年以來的族人墳墓。這裡是日本三大墓園之一，也是國家指定史跡。1615年，宗義成（1604-1657）為紀念父親宗義智（1568-1615）創立了這座寺廟，並以宗義智的戒名將其命名為萬松院。毗鄰寺廟的金石城則是宗家的據點和主要居城。

進入萬松院必須走紅色山門旁的一條小路。這扇大門是寺目前廟內唯一留下來的原始建築，其他建築均是在毀於火災後新修建的。山門兩側各立一尊仁王像，據說能避邪並保庇寺廟。

過了山門就是本堂（正殿），殿內有一套青銅製「三具足」——一盞龜上鶴燭台、一座獅子蓋鈕香爐和一個圓錐形花瓶。這些是朝鮮國王為弔唁宗家的一位家主而贈送的奠儀。而宗家在整個江戶時代（1603-1867）一直負責朝鮮與德川幕府之間的外交事務，與朝鮮王朝關係密切，同時壟斷著與朝鮮的貿易。萬松院曾收藏過更多此類金屬器皿，但都在二戰期間被熔化充當軍用了。

從本堂出發，沿132級石階往上可到達宗家族陵園。陵園的最上層是「上御靈屋」，聳立著三棵巨大的杉樹，這裡安葬著宗家的領主及其夫人和成年子女。陵墓的大小因不同時期對馬藩的顯赫和富裕程度而異。17世紀後半葉，對馬與朝鮮之間的貿易繁榮興盛，因此宗義成和他的繼任者宗義真（1639-1702）的陵墓最大。陵園下層是其他家族成員的墓地，包括側室和早逝的子女。

万松院和宗家族陵园

从13世纪至19世纪晚期，“宗”家族一直是对马的领主。他们的家庙“万松院”坐落于严原町西缘的清水山麓，山坡上占地面积广阔的家族陵园内，坐落着1615年以来的族人坟墓。这里是日本三大墓园之一，也是国家指定史迹。1615年，宗义成(1604-1657)为纪念父亲宗义智(1568-1615)创建了这座寺庙，并以宗义智的戒名将其命名为万松院。毗邻寺庙的金石城则是宗家族的据点和主要居城。

进入万松院必须走红色山门旁的一条小路。山门是寺庙内唯一留存的原始建筑，其他建筑均在毁于火灾后重建。山门两侧各立一尊仁王像，据说能避邪并保护寺庙。

过了山门就是本堂（正殿），殿内有一套青铜制“三具足”——一盏龟上鹤烛台、一座狮子盖钮香炉和一个圆锥形花瓶。这些都是朝鲜国王为吊唁宗家族的一位家主而赠送的奠仪。朝鲜王朝与宗家族关系密切，而宗家族在整个江户时代(1603-1867)一直负责朝鲜与德川幕府之间的外交事务，同时垄断着与朝鲜的贸易。万松院曾收藏过更多此类金属器皿，但都在二战期间被熔化充当军用了。

从本堂出发，沿132级石阶往上可到达宗家族陵园。陵园的最上层是“上御灵屋”，耸立着三棵巨大的杉树，这里安葬着宗家族的领主及其夫人和成年子女。陵墓的大小因各时期对马藩的显赫和富裕程度而异。17世纪后半叶，对马与朝鲜之间的贸易繁荣兴盛，因此宗义成和他的继任者宗义真(1639-1702)的陵墓最大。陵园下层是其他家族成员的墓地，包括侧室和早逝的子女。