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Gassho-Style Houses in Gokayama

Gokayama is best known for the two World Heritage villages of Ainokura and Suganuma, with their gassho-zukuri (steep thatched roof) houses. The term gassho-zukuri translates as “in the style of hands in prayer,” describing the signature roof design.

This style of architecture developed in response to the region’s unique environment, climate, and industries. The steep thatched roof accommodates the weight of the heavy snows common to the region. The attic space within the roof structure is well suited for the production of silk. Gassho-zukuri houses are built without the use of nails; instead, ropes and natural materials are used to secure the structure.

At first glance, the gassho-zukuri houses in Gokayama and in nearby Shirakawa-go look the same. However, there are regional differences. Gassho-zukuri houses in Gokayama tend to have a steeper roof design than those in Shirakawa-go, since Gokayama gets more snow. In Gokayama, gassho-zukuri have gables with rounded edges, created by binding thatch to the barge with the cut ends of the thatch facing downward rather than sideways. In Shirakawa-go, the roofs are thatched with the material facing sideways. Another difference between the structures is that Gokayama’s houses generally have an entrance under one of the gable ends, whereas in Shirakawa-go, entrances are parallel to the ridge of the roof on the side of the building.

五箇山合掌造民居

相倉、菅沼兩座世界遺產級村落，於五箇山最具盛名，它們以傳統的合掌造民居聞名遐邇。「合掌造」即「貌似祈禱之手的建築」，硬山式草苫屋頂如祈禱的雙手般彎曲相合，恰如其義，成為合掌造樣式的象徵。該建築樣式的發展順應了當地特有的環境、氣候及產業。五箇山地域多雪，房屋正是依托於這種帶角度的陡峭屋頂，方可承受積雪的重量。而屋頂內側的閣樓則非常適於絲綢生產。合掌造民居不使用釘子築造，取而代之的是採用繩索等天然材料維持建築物強度。

五箇山與白川鄉的合掌造民居，乍看之下或許大同小異，但它們卻映射出大相徑庭的地域特徵。與鄰近的岐阜縣白川鄉相比，五箇山的降雪量更豐沛，故而建有陡峭屋頂的合掌造民居的數量也更為繁多。白川鄉以橫向放置的材料鋪設屋頂。而五箇山的合掌造結構中，茅草則並非橫向放置，而是截面向下，故而形成邊緣呈弧形的「懸山頂」。此外，五箇山民居的玄關位於懸山頂端側下方，為「妻入」樣式；而白川鄉民居的屋脊沿建築物長邊延伸，玄關則與屋脊平行而建，為「平入」樣式。

五箇山合掌造民居

五箇山最广为人知的，莫过于相仓、菅沼两座世界遗产级村落，它们以传统的合掌造民居闻名遐迩。“合掌造”即“宛若祈祷之手的建筑”，硬山式草苫屋顶如祈祷的双手般弯曲相合，正应其义，成为合掌造样式的象征。该建筑样式的发展顺应了当地特有的环境、气候及产业。五箇山地域多雪，房屋正是依托于这种带角度的陡峭屋顶，方可承受积雪的重量。而屋顶内侧的阁楼则极适于丝绸生产。合掌造民居不使用钉子筑造，取而代之的是采用绳索等天然材料维持建筑物强度。

五箇山与白川乡的合掌造民居，乍看之下或许相差无几，但它们却映射出迥异的地域特征。与毗邻的岐阜县白川乡相比，五箇山的降雪量更丰沛，故而建有陡峭屋顶的合掌造民居的数量也更为显著。白川乡以横向放置的材料铺设屋顶。而五箇山的合掌造结构中，茅草并非横向放置，而是截面向下，从而形成边缘呈弧形的“悬山顶”。此外，五箇山民居的玄关位于悬山顶端侧下方，为“妻入”样式；而白川乡民居为“平入”样式，屋脊沿建筑物长边延伸，玄关则与屋脊平行而建。